375 Although attention profoundly alters visual perception1, it is not equally important to all aspects of vision. For example, attention is of little or no help to many detection tasks (for example, detecting a luminance increment2), and the degree to which it benefits discrimination tasks varies widely with the discriminated attribute (for example, discriminating color, orientation, form3,4)....

Pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) holds high postoperative morbidity. How to resolve this issue is challenged. An additional anastomosis (Braun enteroenterostomy) following PD may decrease the postoperative morbidity, but holds conflicting results. The objective of this study is to investigate the advantages and disadvantages of Braun enteroenterostomy in PD. Clinical studies compared perioperative ...

Ralf J. Braun 1,#, *, Verónica I. Dumit 2,3,# , Cécile Monpays 4 , Xavier Roucou 5 , Daniel Serrano 6 , Julie St-Pierre 7 , Paula J. Waters 8 , Ian Bates 9 , and Denis Gris 10, * 1 Institute of Cell Biology, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany. 2 ZBSA Center for Biological Systems Analysis, Core Facility Proteomics, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany. 3 Department of Dermatol...

CONTEXT Delayed gastric emptying is a major cause of morbidity following pancreaticoduodenectomy. OBJECTIVE The impact of a Braun enteroenterostomy on delayed gastric emptying, used in reconstruction following classic pancreaticoduodenectomy, was assessed. PATIENTS Forty-four consecutive patients undergoing non-pylorus preserving pancreaticoduodenectomy from 2009 to 2011 by a single surgeon...

in order to study the effect of canopy gap size on species diversity and composition in mixed stands, a reserved area which located in asalem forests was selected. all of gaps in this area identified and were divided into four categories: small gaps (1000 m2). in each category, 21 of gaps with a relatively homogeneous in terms of an aspect and slope were selected. the major and minor diameter o...

Background. Although Billroth II (BII) reconstruction is simpler and faster than Billroth I or Roux-en-Y (RY) reconstruction in patients undergoing totally laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (TLDG), BII reconstruction is associated with several complications, including more severe bile reflux. BII Braun anastomosis may be a better alternative to RY reconstruction. Methods. This retrospective study...