OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the second-generation photosensitizer benzoporphyrin derivative (BPD) and a novel light source applicator based on light-emitting diode (LED) technology for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of brain tumors. METHODS We used a canine model to investigate normal brain stem toxicity. Twenty-one canines underwent posterior fossa craniectomies followed b...

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) can be used as a salvage treatment in selected patients with recurrent brain metastases after previous brain radiation. We report the case of a patient with metastatic lung adenocarcinoma who experienced recurrence numerous times in the brain and was successfully treated each time with SRS. For this patient, brain imaging surveillance helped identify metastases e...

One of the molecular mechanisms of alcohol induced toxicities is mediated by oxidative stress. Hence our studies were focused on the effect of thiamine (antioxidant) in the reversal of alcohol induced toxicity and comparison of the reversal with abstinence. Administration of ethanol at a dose of 4 g/kg body wt/day for 90 days to Sprague Dawley rats manifested chronic alcohol induced toxicity ev...

Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) have gained considerable interests during the last decade due to their excellent antimicrobial activities. Despite their extensive use, the potential toxicity of these nanoparticles and possible mechanisms by which they may induce adverse reactions have not received sufficient attention and no specific biomarker exist to describe and quantify their toxic effects. Na...

characterized by degeneration of nigro-striatal dopaminergic neurons and reduction in the level of dopamine in this area. Since the discovery that 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) could induce parkinsonism in humans, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ) derivatives have been considered as candidate endogenous causative factors of idiopathic Parkinson’s disease (PD), because o...

Prognosis for patients with brain metastasis remains poor. Whole brain radiation therapy is the conventional treatment option; it can improve neurological symptoms, prevent and improve tumor associated neurocognitive decline, and prevents death from neurologic causes. In addition to whole brain radiation therapy, stereotactic radiosurgery, neurosurgery and chemotherapy also are used in the mana...

Liposomes, as biocompatible and safe nanocarriers with easily modified surfaces, can be well used in the field of antitumor. Their targeting properties have contributed to reduction drug dosage non-target cell toxicity. To further exploit liposomes, passive active liposomes physicochemical been constructed by surface modification. This paper summarizes mechanisms action different types targeted...