PURPOSE To describe 11 cases of posterior fossa venous angiomas with drainage through the brain stem. METHODS Eleven cases of posterior fossa venous angioma with drainage through the brain stem were evaluated using MR. Correlation with known routes of venous drainage for the cerebellum and brain stem is made. RESULTS Six of the 11 venous angiomas were found in the cerebellum, four in the br...

Today, stem cell transplantation is a hot topic in scientific circles as a novel therapeutic approach to repair the structure and function of central nervous system. The safe and neuroprotective effects of cell therapy in models and traumatic brain injury patients were evaluated in many experimental and clinical studies in recent decade and somewhat promising results were provided to the scient...

Isolated brain stem lesions presenting with acute neurologic findings create a major diagnostic dilemma in children. Although the brain stem is frequently involved in ADEM, solitary brain stem lesions are unusual. We performed a retrospective review in 6 children who presented with an inflammatory lesion confined to the brain stem. Two children were diagnosed with connective tissue disorder, CN...

During ontogeny, amphibian larvae experience a dramatic alteration in the motor act of breathing as the premetamorphic gill breather develops into the postmetamorphic lung ventilator. We tested the hypothesis that the site of lung rhythmogenesis relocates during metamorphosis by recording fictive lung ventilation before and after transecting the in vitro brain stem of pre- and postmetamorphic R...

Twenty-seven patients with an isolated brain stem syndrome, thought to be due to demyelination, were examined by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A brain stem lesion was identified in 25, and clinically silent lesions outside the brain stem were demonstrated in 20. MRI was more sensitive than evoked potentials in detecting brain stem and other lesions. The scan findings were compared with thos...

Limited migration of neural stem cells in adult brain is a roadblock for the use of stem cell therapies to treat brain diseases and injuries. Here, we report a strategy that mobilizes and guides migration of stem cells in the brain in vivo. We developed a safe stimulation paradigm to deliver directional currents in the brain. Tracking cells expressing GFP demonstrated electrical mobilization an...

Neural stem cells in the adult brain exist primarily in a quiescent state but are reactivated in response to changing physiological conditions. How do stem cells sense and respond to metabolic changes? In the Drosophila CNS, quiescent neural stem cells are reactivated synchronously in response to a nutritional stimulus. Feeding triggers insulin production by blood-brain barrier glial cells, act...

  Stem cells are undifferentiated self regenerating multi potential cells. There are three types of stem cells categories by the ability to form after cells and correlated with the body’s development process. Totipotent: these stem cells can form an entire organism such as fertilized egg. Ploripotent: ploripotent cells are those that can form any cell in the body but cannot form an entire organ...