OBJECTIVE Recently, deletion of specific genes by so called knock-out techniques has become important for investigating the pathogenesis of various diseases. This form of genetic engineering is widely performed in murine models. There are, however, only a limited number of mouse models available in cardiovascular pathology. The objective of this study, therefore, was to develop a new model of o...

Imaging in Acute Portal Systemic Shunt Encephalopathy Caused by Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is 1 cause of a disturbance of consciousness, most cases being associated with liver cirrhosis. There are 2 previous reports of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of the brain in acute HE. We now report a rare case of shunt encephalopathy caused by primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) ...

Radiation Risk Due to Shunted Hydrocephalus and the Role of MR Imaging–Safe Programmable Valves Diagnostic radiology is a double-edged sword: While providing critical information that forms the basis of treatment, it adds to the risk associated with cumulative radiation given to the patient. Shunted hydrocephalus exemplifies this conundrum. Hydrocephalus is a common neurosurgical condition that...

AIM We set out to investigate the optimal timing for shunt placement in patients with hydrocephalus after decompressive craniectomy (DC). MATERIAL AND METHODS We studied 63 consecutive patients that underwent DC because of traumatic brain injury, middle cerebral artery infarct or intracerebral hemorrhage. Hydrocephalus was diagnosed in 23/63 patients. The 23 patients were divided into two gro...

vealed elevated protein level of 72 mg/dl and 3 white blood cells with no neoplastic cells, therefore providing no evidence of malignancy or CNS infection. Antiepileptic medications were started, and the patient underwent a right temporal brain and leptomeningeal biopsy. Pathology revealed idiopathic leptomeningeal inflammation and fibrosis without brain involvement. The patient improved clinic...

A PediaSat™ oximetry catheter (PediaSat: Edwards Lifesciences Co., Ltd., Irvine, CA, U. S. A.), which facilitates continuous measurement of central venous oxygen saturation (ScvO2), may be useful for surgery for pediatric congenital heart disease. We used PediaSat during a bidirectional Glenn shunt. The patient was a 13-month-old boy. Under a diagnosis of left single ventricle (pulmonary atresi...

Persistent left superior vena cava is a rare but well-recognised condition. We describe a case of persistent left superior vena cava draining directly into the left atrium, with a fixed anatomical right-to-left shunt and paradoxical embolic events causing recurrent brain abscess. Surgical ligation was curative.

Background: Post traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) is a commonest treatable complication of severe traumatic brain injury that’s leads to failure of improvement and worsening of the outcome. Incidence of posttraumatic hydrocephalus is 0.7%-29% reported in different literature. We have observed the development of PTH frequently seen in patients with severe head injury and after decompressive craniec...