Introduction: Addiction imposes a large medical, social and economic burden on societies. Currently, there is no effective treatment for addiction. Our struggle to decipher the different mechanisms involved in addiction requires a proper understanding of the brain regions which promote this devastating behavior. Previous studies have shown a pivotal role for insula in cigarette smoking. In this...

The influence of the duration of ischemia on the development and resolution of post-ischemic brain edema (SG method) was studied in anesthetized rats. Edema developed during ischemia and the amount of edema was related to the duration of ischemia (r = 0.843, p less than 0.001). With recirculation to three hours, the major determinant of the amount of edema was still the duration of the precedin...

AIM NKN reduces brain edema, neuronal death and neurological deficits in rats after cerebral ischemia. In the present study, we investigated whether NKN was effective on brain injury in cerebral ischemia rats. MATERIAL AND METHODS The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was used to produce experimental cerebral ischemia in adult male Wistar rats. The activity of SOD ...

INTRODUCTION Cerebral ischemia and reperfusion causes physiological and biochemical changes in the neuronal cells that will eventually lead to cell damage. Evidence indicates that exercise reduces the ischemia and reperfusion-induced brain damages in animal models of stroke. In the present study, the effect of exercise preconditioning on brain edema and neurological movement disorders following...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Dichloroacetate facilitates a decrease in brain lactate during reperfusion after incomplete ischemia. This study examined the possible activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase enzyme by dichloroacetate to explain this effect. Because the duration of ischemia and hyperglycemia exacerbate ischemic brain damage, the effect of both of these factors on lactate reduction with and w...

This study was performed to evaluate the role of electroacupuncture on kidney 1 (Ki1) acupoint to prevent the heart and brain injury following ischemia/reperfusion of both kidneys. 24 Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into four equal groups. In the treatment 1 group, following anesthesia, acupuncture needles were inserted on Ki1 on the palm of both hindlimbs and connected to electroacu...

The contribution of toxic O2 metabolites to cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury has not been determined. We found that gerbils subjected to temporary unilateral carotid artery occlusion (ischemia) consistently developed neurologic deficits during ischemia with severities that correlated with increasing degrees of brain edema and brain H2O2 levels after reperfusion. In contrast, gerbils treated...

We have previously shown that increases in blood-brain barrier permeability represent an important component of ischemia-reperfusion related brain injury in the fetus. Pro-inflammatory cytokines could contribute to these abnormalities in blood-brain barrier function. We have generated pharmacological quantities of mouse anti-ovine interleukin-1β monoclonal antibody and shown that this antibody ...

The effectiveness and efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) preconditioning and post-treatment modalities have been demonstrated in experimental models of ischemic cerebrovascular diseases, including global brain ischemia, transient focal and permanent focal cerebral ischemia, and experimental neonatal hypoxia-ischemia encephalopathy. In general, early and repetitive post-treatment of HBO appears...

Experimental Brain Ischemia: Protection from Irreversible Damage with a Rapid-Acting Barbiturate (Methohexital) • Experimental brain ischemia was produced in rabbits by coupling systemic hypotension and hypoxia. The animals were paralyzed with succinylcholine and ventilated mechanically. Durally implanted electrodes were used to monitor the severity of ischemia. Five minutes of an isoelectric E...