Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a disruption in the brain functions following a head trauma. Cell therapy may provide a promising treatment for TBI. Human neural stem cells cultured in self-assembling peptide scaffolds have been proposed as a potential novel method for cell replacement treatment after TBI. In the present study, we accessed the effects of human neural stem/progenitor cells (hNS/...

Abstract: The role of spinal dorsal horn propriospinal connections in nociceptive processing is not yet established. Recently described, rostrocaudally oriented axon collaterals of lamina I projection and local-circuit neurons (PNs and LCNs) running in the dorsolateral funiculus (DLF) may serve as the anatomical substrate for intersegmental processing. Putative targets of these axons include la...

&rep is the probability a subunit is in the open conformation, 7(V) and flv) describe the voltage dependent relaxation ,;me constant and steady state probability of the subunit being ,pen. T(V) andffV) must be determined emperically from volt,ge clamp experiments. For the sodium channel, the subunit ,pen probabilities are denoted by m and h (replacing p in the ,quation). The assumption that the...

Lecithin was fi rst isolated from egg yolk in the 1850’s. The Greek word for egg yolk, lekithos, is the basis for the name lecithin. Lecithin has a reputation for being “brain food” because of its high concentration of phosphatidyl choline, a nutrient which supports primary brain functions including memory, thought, and muscular control. Phosphatidyl choline is the biological precursor to acety...

Cognitive decline is well recognized during ageing but is often accelerated in women after menopause. Studies have shown that there are significant gender differences in brain ageing with significantly greater changes in brain structure, function and metabolism between females and males. Estrogens exert protective effects on neuronal cells in culture but the exact underlying mechanism for their...

Dynamical structure in the brain promotes biological function. Natural scientists look for correlations between measured electrical signals and behavior or mental states. Computational scientists have new opportunities to receive ’algorithmic’ inspiration from brain processes and propose computational paradigms. Thus a tradition which dates back to the 1940s with neural nets research is renewed...