Brain edema in acute liver failure (ALF) remains lethal. Cytotoxic mechanisms associated with brain edema have been well recognized, but the role of vasogenic mechanisms of brain edema has not been explored. Intact tight junctions (TJs) between brain capillary endothelial cells are critical for normal BBB function. Recent reports found significant alterations in the tight junction elements incl...

The contribution of toxic O2 metabolites to cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury has not been determined. We found that gerbils subjected to temporary unilateral carotid artery occlusion (ischemia) consistently developed neurologic deficits during ischemia with severities that correlated with increasing degrees of brain edema and brain H2O2 levels after reperfusion. In contrast, gerbils treated...

A 55-year-old woman underwent radiosurgery for a left cerebral hemisphere arteriovenous malformation (AVM) and developed radiation-induced necrosis causing a massive edema in the surrounding brain tissues. Despite various therapies, the edema expanded to the ipsilateral hemisphere and induced neurological symptoms. The radiation-induced necrotic lesion was surgically removed 4 years after radio...

Background: Traumatic brain injury is one of the most important causes of death in trauma patients among the different types of trauma worldwide. In this study, the effect of curcumin on the outcome of severe traumatic brain injury,. Methods: This was a double-blind and paralleled randomized controlled study that was conducted on 128 patients aged 18 to 70 with severe brain trauma. Patients we...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Both intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and brain edema have been attributed to reperfusion after intravenous thrombolysis. We explored the interaction of recanalization and core size for imaging outcomes (ICH and vasogenic brain edema). METHODS In patients with anterior circulation occlusion given intravenous thrombolysis <4.5 hours and imaged with computed tomographic (CT...

The clinicopathological findings of cerebral edema were investigated in patients with acute hepatic failure autopsied at Okayama University Hospital between 1970 and 1980 retrospectively. Nine (64%) of 14 hepatic failure cases were found to have cerebral edema during a post-mortem examination of the brain. Clinical features of the patients with cerebral edema were not significantly different fr...

Peritumoral brain edema is a common complication of meningiomas. It is believed that vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), as an angiogenic factor, plays a vital role in edema formation. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is a small integral membrane protein that regulates water in the normal brain. However, the expression of AQP4 and its relationship to VEGF in edematous meningiomas are not well kno...

Introduction: Following a traumatic brain injury (TBI), the excessive release of proinflammatory cytokines is major cause of cerebral edema that can cause permanent neuronal loss. This study examined the changes in brain concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and TGF- after different doses of estrogen or progesterone treatment in brain-injured rats at 6 and 24 h post...

OBJECTIVE Plasmatic B-type-natriuretic peptide (NT-PBNP) and C-reactive protein (CRP) have been reportedly elevated in stroke patients; however their clinical significance remains uncertain. The purpose of this work is to investigate whether elevation of these proteins at baseline predicts CT-evidence of brain edema. METHODS We recruited 41 consecutive patients with stroke and determined NT-P...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Some patients develop severe brain edema after complete middle cerebral artery occlusion, whereas others do not. Aquaporin-4 (AQP4) is the main water channel in the brain and has been shown to be critical for the development of brain edema after ischemia. We asked whether genetic variation in the AQP4 gene is related to the severity of brain edema after middle cerebral ar...