 Even if the transition is made from a middle-income country to a high-income country due to high growth in a short period of time like in the NIEs, there is the possibility that after the middle-income trap, there is another waiting trap of a sort faced by high-income countries. Even in the case that some time is needed for growth and the middle-income trap is experienced, it is possible duri...

* I am deeply indebted to Heinz Klein for the many discussions we had on critical paper reviewing. His thoughts and ideas significantly helped shape this article. I would also like to thank Kalle Lyytinen, Jeff Parsons, Juhani Iivari, and Frank Land for their numerous comments and suggestions. am often asked about the section; in particular about the kinds of papers that are or are not appropri...

“So that in the nature of man, we find three principal causes of quarrel. First, competition; secondly, diffi dence; thirdly, glory. The first maketh men invade for gain; the second, for safety; and the third, for reputation. The first use violence, to make themselves masters of other men’s persons, wives, children, and cattle; the second, to defend them; the third, for trifles...”(Hobbes [14],...

___________ * This paper assembles and summarizes a number of the authors' writings. As such, it is indebted to a long list of individuals and institutions who have supported us over time. Particular thanks are due to the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation and to the IRIS research program at the University of Maryland.

Gradient Boosting and bagging applied to regressors can reduce the error due to bias and variance respectively. Alternatively, Stochastic Gradient Boosting (SGB) and Iterated Bagging (IB) attempt to simultaneously reduce the contribution of both bias and variance to error. We provide an extensive empirical analysis of these methods, along with two alternate bias-variance reduction approaches — ...

At College & Research Libraries we do not get many articles on the topic of academic library leadership. I wonder why, because I think this is one of the most important and enduring topics in our profession. Maybe it is because this is a big and difficult topic to pin down. What exactly is leadership? What aspects of leadership are we talking about: defining leadership, evaluating leadership st...

Department of Poultry Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh The present study was conducted to evaluate the chemical composition of three genotypes of scavenging ducklings (Muscovy, Pekin and Desi White) in coastal areas of Bangladesh. Three ducks from each genotype were slaughtered at 6, 10 and 14 week of age. The results indicated that dry matter yield was h...