In PEPA, the calculation of the transitions enabled by a process accounts for a large part of the time for the state space exploration of the underlying Markov chain. Unlike other approaches based on recursion, we present a new technique that is iterative—it traverses the process’ binary tree from the sequential components at the leaves up to the root. Empirical results shows that this algorith...

We present a particular way of building ontologies that proceeds in a bottom-up fashion. Concepts are defined in a way that mirrors the way their instances are composed out of smaller objects. The smaller objects themselves may also be modeled as being composed. Bottom-up ontologies are flexible through the use of implicit and, hence, parsimonious part-whole and subconceptsuperconcept relations...

Whilemany studies of non-native species have examined either soft-bottom or hard-bottom marine communities, including artificial structures at docks andmarinas, formal comparisons across these habitat types are rare. The number of nonindigenous species (NIS) may differ among habitats, due to differences in species delivery (trade history) and susceptibility to invasions. In this study, we quant...

Cost–benefit analysis Although usability’s broad benefits are impressive, a cost-benefit analysis might be a necessary first step in introducing usability into your organization or a particular project. In usability cost-benefit analyses, the goal is to estimate the costs and benefits of specific usability activities—such as prototyping, usability testing, heuristic evaluation, and so on—and co...

Traditional top down specialisation techniques are not optimal to spe-cialise programs containing a lot of internal structure handling, such as programs containing abstract data types or meta programs. In this abstract , we discuss the diiculties top down specialisers have when special-ising these kinds of programs. The diiculties arise from the fact that unfolding works in a top down way, wher...

In this work we analyze the relevance of the different low energy phases for the CP asymmetry of the Universe. To this end, we develop a parametrization of the see-saw mechanism in terms of low energy data that will allow us to study leptogenesis from a bottom-up perspective. We find that the relevant phases for leptogenesis depend on the particular scenario, and we classify the different possi...

I review recent progress on bottom-quark fragmentation in e + e − annihilation, top-quark decay and H → b ¯ b processes. I discuss the implementation of collinear and soft resummation, and the inclusion of non-perturbative information taken from LEP and SLD data. Heavy-quark physics is currently one of the major fields of investigation in experimental and theoretical particle physics. In order ...

In Zeiten volatiler und steigender Energiepreise gewinnt die Lastprognose als Entscheidungsgrundlage zunehmend an Bedeutung. Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung erlaubt zudem ein detailliertes Aufzeichnen von Verbrauchsdaten auf mehreren Abstraktionsebenen. diesem Beitrag werden zwei Ansätze, eine Messzählertopologie in Prognose integrieren, mit dem Standardansatz Hauptzählerebene verglichen. E...