To clarify the taxonomic status of two recently described Borrelia genomic groups, groups VS116 and M19, three group VS116 strains and eight group M19 strains isolated from Ixodes ricinus ticks in Switzerland, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom were characterized. PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the 5S-23S intergenic spacer amplicon, rRNA gene restriction an...

Fact checking of the recent report of Johnson et al. of the CDC (1) discloses errors of fact and misrepresentations in their critique of the work of Sapi et al. (2). The CDC authors have produced three 603-base nucleotide haplotypes (partial sequences for PyrG open reading frame gene equivalents) and deposited these in GenBank under the accession numbers KF170280.1 (allegedly derived from Borre...

The thyX gene for thymidylate synthase of the Lyme borreliosis (LB) agent Borrelia burgdorferi is located in a 54-kb linear plasmid. In the present study, we identified an orthologous thymidylate synthase gene in the relapsing fever (RF) agent Borrelia hermsii, located it in a 180-kb linear plasmid, and demonstrated its expression. The functions of the B. hermsii and B. burgdorferi thyX gene pr...

As adherence and entry of a pathogen into a host cell are key components to an infection, identifying the molecular mechanisms responsible for cellular association will provide a better understanding of a microbe's pathogenesis. We previously established an in vitro model for Borrelia burgdorferi infection of human neuroglial cells. To expand on our earlier study, we performed B. burgdorferi wh...

Zofia Czubasiewicz1, Marek Szewczyk1, Andrzej Wiczkowski2, Bożena Echolc1, Bogdan Mazur1 © Pediatr Med Rodz 2017, 13 (1), p. 108–118 © Medical Communications Sp. z o.o. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (CC BY-NC-ND). Reproduction is permitted for personal, educational, non-commercial use, provided ...

This case report shows the existence of Lyme borreliosis disease in Iran and proves the existence of the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi in Iran which had not been found before in the ticks of this region. It is important for our physicians to consider Lyme borreliosis in their differential diagnosis. Apart from skin manifestations, neurological, cardiac, articular and ocular lesions are no...

In Europe, Ixodes ricinus is the vector of many pathogens of medical and veterinary relevance, among them Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and tick-borne encephalitis virus, which have been the subject of numerous investigations. Less is known about the occurrence of emerging tick-borne pathogens like Rickettsia spp., Babesia spp., "Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis," and Anaplasma phagocytophi...

Borrelia burgdorferi (B. burgdorferi) causes Lyme disease after being deposited in the skin by Ixodes ticks. A characteristic rash may appear and be accompanied by systemic symptoms such as fatigue, fever, headache, arthralgias or myalgias [1-4]. In order to establish itself in the body and/or migrate to organs, the spirochete must interact with cells of the connective tissue and adhere to or c...

Borrelia burgdorferi-induced arthritis in mice is characterized by tendonitis, synovitis, and inflammatory-cell infiltrate, predominantly of neutrophils. Because genetic deficiency in E and P selectins results in delayed recruitment of neutrophils to sites of inflammation, mice with this deficiency were tested for their response to infection with B. burgdorferi. E and P selectins were not requi...

Lyme Borreliosis is an infectious disease caused by the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi that is transmitted through the bite of infected ticks. Both B cell-mediated humoral immunity and T cell immunity develop during natural Borrelia infection. However, compared with humoral immunity, the T cell response to Borrelia infection has not been well elucidated. In this study, a novel T cell-based ass...