The genus Orbivirus consists of 12 defined serological groups of arthropod-borne viruses. The taxonomic group was formed following the demonstration that the genome of bluetongue virus consisted of 10 segments of double-stranded RNA. Viruses with morphology and physico-chemical proper­ ties similar to those of bluetongue virus were included in the genus. As viruses representative of each serogr...

Arthropod borne viruses have developed a complex life cycle adapted to alternate between insect and vertebrate hosts. These arthropod-borne viruses belong mainly to the families Togaviridae, Flaviviridae, and Bunyaviridae. This group of viruses contains many pathogens that cause febrile, hemorrhagic, and encephalitic disease or arthritic symptoms which can be persistent. It has been appreciated...

flaviviridae are viruses that cause several diseases including dengue fever, japanese encephalitis, murray valley encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, west nile encephalitis, yellow fever and hepatitis c virus infection. members of this family have monopartite, linear, single-stranded rna genomes of positive polarity, 9.6-12.3 kb in length. here, we have analyzed the codon usage of 13 species...

Considerable attention has recently been drawn at the global level to the serious threat to humans caused by new, emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Among the infectious vector-borne diseases, dengue, dengue haemorrhagic fever, yellow fever, plague, malaria, leishmaniasis, rodent-borne viruses and arboviruses are considered to be persisting, and sometimes re-emerging, with serious th...

Ticks, as vectors of several notorious zoonotic pathogens, represent an important and increasing threat for human and animal health in Europe. Recent applications of new technology revealed the complexity of the tick microbiome, which may affect its vectorial capacity. Appreciation of these complex systems is expanding our understanding of tick-borne pathogens, leading us to evolve a more integ...

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The prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in southern Korea was determined by collecting ticks using tick drags. A total of 4,077 of 6,788 ticks collected were pooled (649 pools) according to collection site, species, and developmental stage and assayed for TBEV. The TBEV protein E and NS5 gene fragments were detected using RT-nested PCR in six pools of nymphs collected from Jeju I...

Rodents might maintain tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) in nature through latent persistent infections. During 2 subsequent winters, 2008 and 2009, in Finland, we detected RNA of European and Siberian subtypes of TBEV in Microtus agrestis and Myodes glareolus voles, respectively. Persistence in rodent reservoirs may contribute to virus overwintering.