Food-borne fluke infections/trematodiases are emerging as a major public health problem worldwide with over 40 million people affected and over 10% of world population at risk of infection. The major concentration of these infections is in Southeast Asian and Western Pacific Regions, where the epidemiological factors (including the prevalent socio-cultural food habits) are conducive for transmi...

CONTENTS Introduction Food Spoilage and General Principles Underlying Spoilage of Food Intrinsic Parameters Extrinsic Parameters Microbial Spoilage of Foods Spoilage of fresh and ready-to-eat meat products Spoilage of milk and milk products Spoilage of fruits and vegetables Spoilage of canned foods Major Food Borne Infections/ Intoxications Caused by Bacteria General Control Measures for Preven...

BACKGROUND Although tick-borne diseases are important causes of morbidity and mortality in dogs in tropical areas, there is little information on the agents causing these infections in the Caribbean. METHODOLOGY We used PCRs to test blood from a cross-section of dogs on St Kitts for Ehrlichia (E.) canis, Babesia (B.) spp., Anaplasma (A.) spp. and Hepatozoon (H.) spp. Antibodies against E. can...

When children sustain injuries from needles discarded in public places, concerns arise about possible exposure to blood-borne viruses. The risk of infection is low, but assessment, counselling and follow-up of the injured child are needed. The present document reviews the literature concerning blood-borne viral infections after injuries from needles discarded in the community, and provides reco...

A total of 52 serum samples from patients with symptoms suggestive of tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) infection and positive IgM and/or IgG antibodies were tested for IgG avidity. Acute/recent TBEV infection was confirmed by low/borderline avidity index (AI) in 94.8% IgM positive/IgG positive samples, while in 5.2% high AI was found indicating persisting IgM antibodies. Majority of IgM neg...

There exist many tick borne infections that are of either economic or public health interest. Mathematical models have previously been used to describe the dynamics of these infections. However it has recently come to light that there is an alternative mechanism for the transmission of these diseases that has not been considered in a modelling framework. This is transmission through ticks co-fe...

Background: Raw or minimally processed vegetables can be important vehicles of food-borne parasites. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the parasitic infections in raw vegetables from Kermanshah, Western Iran and their relation with season and washing procedures. Methods: From January to December 2013, raw vegetable samples were collected from Kermanshah, Western Iran. Th...

Background: Infectious diseases are major public health problems, among which blood-borne ones are the most important infections. Patients who undergo orthopedic surgery are at higher risk of transmitting infectious diseases from and to others, due to repeated blood examinations and injection, drains secretion and receiving blood products. Accordingly, in this study we determined prevalence of ...

Sir, Accidental needle stick and sharp object injuries carry major risk factors for blood-borne infections amongst health workers.[1,2] The blood-borne infections that are mostly contracted through occupational hazards are Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).[3] The risk of transmission of these diseases following percutaneous exposure among h...

chickpea blight caused by didymella rabiei is considered as the most important disease of chickpea in kermanshah province. the disease is seed borne in addition to being persistent on infected residues, secondary infection taking place through pycnidiospores. in laboratory tests, the effects of six fungicides were tested at : 0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0 and 100.0 ?g.a.i.ml-1 csma(chickpea seed meal ag...