Water infiltrating down a fracture in unsaturated rock experiences complex fluid-flow and heat-transfer phenomena when entering above-boiling rock temperature regions. Such conditions are expected, for example, after emplacement of heat-generating nuclear waste in underground repositories. A new, efficient semi-analytical method is proposed in this paper that simulates the flow processes of inf...

Boiling points have been determined at 101.33 kPa for the binary mixtures of sulfolane + o-xylene, sulfolane + m-xylene, sulfolane+p-xylene, sulfolane+ethylbenzene and sulfolane+1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. Calculations of the non-ideality of the vapor phase were made with the second virial coefficients evaluated from the Hayden–O’Connell method. The binary parameters for five activity coefficient m...

The very low vapor pressure of ionic liquids is challenging to measure. At elevated temperatures the liquids might start to decompose, and at relatively low temperatures the vapor pressure becomes too low to be measured by conventional methods. In this work we developed a highly sensitive method for mass loss determination at temperatures starting from 350 K. This technique is based on an alter...

Results of flow visualization experiments are presented to clearly identify the trigger mechanism for critical heat flux (CHF) in flow boiling. It is shown that discrete bubbles which form following the onset of nucleation coalesce into a wavy vapor layer at fluxes well below CHF. Depressions in the layer interface were observed to touch the heater surface periodically, painting a thin liquid s...

Despite shortcomings, boiling is the most common means of treating water at home and the benchmark against which emerging point-of-use water treatment approaches are measured. In a 5-month study, we assessed the microbiological effectiveness and cost of the practice among 218 self-reported boilers relying on unprotected water supplies. Boiling was associated with a 99% reduction in geometric me...

Pool boiling enhancement through surface modification has garnered the attention of many researchers for extending the limits of heat flux dissipation. Simulated copper chips were used in a pool boiling setup with water boiling at atmospheric pressure. Heat transfer performance of different microchanneled surfaces was compared to that of a plain surface. The results of the study showed that the...

Boiling heat transfer has a combination of sensible liquid and latent due to vaporization. To examine the in boiling, thermometry liquid-vapor multiphase flow must play significant role. Although there are several optical methods proposed for boiling phenomena, it is challenging directly measure temperature field at relatively high flux many bubbles' interruption illumination observation. This ...