Many complex human phenotypes exhibit sex-differentiated characteristics. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these differences remain largely unknown. We generated a catalog of sex in gene expression and genetic regulation across 44 tissue sources surveyed by Genotype-Tissue Expression project (GTEx, v8 release). demonstrate that influences levels cellular composition samples body. A ...

Ecologists have long desired predictive models that allow inference on population dynamics, where detailed demographic data are unavailable. Integral projection (IPMs) both and phenotypic outcomes at the level of to be predicted from distribution a functional trait, like body mass. In species mass markedly influences rates, as is rule among mammals, then IPMs provide not only opportunity assess...

A Camel Research Station was established in 1990 at the central desert land of Iran named Kavir-e-loot, to evaluate productivity performance of one humped camel. The data consisted of birth weights (BW), three (W3), six (W6), nine (W9) months and yearling (W12) body weight of animals and the pedigree was registered during a period of 14 years since 1991 to 2004. The body weight traits of birth,...

Adaptive radiation (AR) is a key process in the origin of organismal diversity. However, the evolution of trait disparity in connection with ecological specialization is still poorly understood. Available models for vertebrate ARs predict that diversification occurs in the form of temporal stages driven by different selective forces. Here, we investigate the AR of cichlid fishes in East African...

Researchers have yet to examine the effect of the communicator's weight status on participants' responses to an eating disorder or body dissatisfaction prevention program. It is plausible that participants may be reactive to the weight of the communicator (e.g., therapist), which might adversely affect acceptance of the message contained in the program. In the current study, 217 college females...

Juvenile growth rate is an important life-history trait that affects the size at maturity, and may influence the development of sexual ornamentation. The sword of several species of the genus Xiphophorus (Teleostei: Poeciliidae) is an elaborate secondary sexual trait that confers an advantage in terms of sexual selection, counterbalanced by locomotive and predatory costs. This study assesses di...

Size is a fundamental organismal trait and an important driver of ecosystem functions. Although large individuals may dominate some functions and provide important habitat structuring effects, intra-specific body size effects are rarely investigated in the context of BEF relationships. We used an in situ density manipulation experiment to explore the contribution of large, deep-burrowing bivalv...

    Adolescence is fraught with physical and psychological changes, including trait level changes in major domains of personality. Trying toadaptapersonwithphysical and emotional moodchanges may cause a negativeinfluenceon the development ofmental disordersinadolescents. Thus, a plan shouldbe developedforawarenessin relation to these modificationsuntil the needs ofadolescentsinthesensitiveperio...

A recent progress on stature genetics has revealed simple genetic architecture in livestock animals in contrast to that in humans. PLAG1 and/or NCAPG-LCORL, both of which are known as a locus for adult human height, have been detected for association with body weight/height in cattle and horses, and for selective sweep in dogs and pigs. The findings indicate a significant impact of these loci o...

Comparative analysis methods control for the variation linked to phylogeny before attempting to correlate the remaining variation of a trait to present-day conditions (i.e., ecology and/or environment). A portion of the phylogenetic variation of the trait may be related to ecology, however; this portion is called "phylogenetic niche conservatism." We propose a method of variation partitioning t...