†Background The trailing edges of species ranges are becoming a subject of increasing interest as the environment changes due to global warming. Trailing edge populations are likely to face extinction because of a decline in numbers and an inability to evolve new adaptations with sufficient speed. Discussions of character change in the trailing edge have focused on physiological, exomorphic and...

Many stimulus-detection systems are lateralized to allow for simultaneous comparison of paired stimuli. It has been hypothesized that the deeply forked tongue of snakes and some derived lizards functions as a chemical edge detector where cues gathered by each tine are kept separate to provide two points of lateral odor assessment by the central nervous system via vomeronasal input. While follow...

Biologically inspired finlet treatments have been shown to effectively reduce the trailing-edge noise of a flat plate and hence are viable noise-suppression technology for engineering applications. The present work performs thorough experimental investigation on near-field dynamics surface applied plate. To examine underlying noise-reduction mechanism, manipulated flow field is analysed using d...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Knowledge on how climate-induced range shifts might affect natural selection is crucial to understand the evolution of species ranges. METHODS Using historical demographic perspectives gathered from regional-scale phylogeography on the alpine herb Biscutella laevigata, indirect inferences on gene flow and signature of selection based on AFLP genotyping were compared betwee...

Wind tunnel measurements of the effects on twodimensional section characteristics of square ridge excrescences and of some gaps typical of those found round trailing-edge controls have been made at high subsonic Mach number and at Reynolds numbers up to 15.6 x 106, based on section chord length. The incremental drag due to a square ridge was found to be generally underestimated by applying an e...

A concept of tip vortex cavitation on propellers is described qualitatively, leading to the distinction of trailing vortices, local tip vortices and leading edge vortices. Improvements of the inception behaviour using this distinction are presented. Observations on developed tip vortex cavitation are given to show that the concept of vortex bursting seems inadequate. The problem of "broadband" ...

The teleost gill forms an extensive, semipermeable barrier that must tolerate intimate contact with the surrounding environment and be able to protect the body from external pathogens. The recent discovery of the interbranchial lymphoid tissue (ILT) has initiated an anatomical and functional investigation of the lymphoid tissue of the salmonid gill. In this article, sectioning of gill arches in...