Here we present an alternative, new, unconventional lithographic technique developed to create dense and multilevel nanostructure pattern transfer using a highly accurate polyurethane acrylate (PU, MINS101m, Minuta Tech.) mold and a polyelectrolyte multilayer as the adhesion promotion layer. Specifically, we demonstrate the pattern transfer of periodic 80 nm lines with 400 nm height and complex...

The basis for some common gypsum wallboard mold remediation practices was examined. The bottom inch of several gypsum wallboard panels was immersed in bottled drinking water; some panels were coated and others were untreated. The panels were examined and tested for a period of 8 weeks. This study investigated: (a) whether mold growth, detectable visually or with tape lift samples, occurs within...

T he issue of mold contamination has drawn the national and international spotlight on the heels of publicity about prominent situations , such as a hotly contended link between mold and severe illness—and one death—in 10 Ohio infants in 1993 and 1994; a major 2001 insurance battle over the moldy Dripping Springs, Texas, house of Melinda Ballard and her family; the mushrooming mold infestations...

In-mold assembly process has been used for manufacturing articulated structures at the macro scale. But the in-mold assembly process at the mesoscale behaves differently and poses new challenges due to reduced structural rigidity of the mesoscale premolded component. One of the major challenges that need to be addressed is that of the plastic deformation of the premolded component during the se...

Mold is ubiquitous, and exposure to mold and its products of metabolism is unavoidable, whether indoors or outdoors. Mold can produce a variety of adverse health outcomes by four scientifically validated pathophysiologic mechanisms: hypersensitivity, toxicity, infection, and irritation. Some adverse health outcomes have been attributed to mold for which mechanisms of injury are not well defined...

In the conventional continuous casting of steel, either mold powder or oil can be added to lubricate the mold from sticking to the solidifying steel shell. The mold powder melts to form a molten slag or flux layer, and also acts to protect the molten steel from oxidation, to insulate the molten steel from heat loss, to absorb inclusions from the molten steel, to regulate heat transfer to mold w...

In this paper we propose a multicast-on-large-demand (MOLD) approach to the flash crowd problem. A MOLD Web server may dynamically open a multicast channel for resources when detecting a very high demand for them, and it reverts back to the normal unicast mode when the flash crowd subsides. A number of mechanisms necessary for realizing the MOLD system are thoroughly discussed. We have implemen...

This paper utilizes a probabilistic mold risk assessment method, introducing a novel mold risk indicator (MRI). The MRI captures the risk of mold occurrence at identified “trouble spots” under uncertainty. It will show how the MRI can enhance decision-making in a mold remediation case. When used in decision making under uncertainty, the MRI enables the best selection of remediation actions in t...