We introduce a micro-biochemical administration module (BAM) for generating chemical gradients for use in axonal guidance studies. The device is designed to be simple to use, require minimal packaging, and be operated using only a pipette. A passive pumping mechanism is utilized to pump liquid through a SU-8 microchannel and then the micropore on the Parylene cap of the microchannel. The achie...

The genus Citrobacter was recently determined to contain 11 genetically distinct species. In addition, the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology no longer recognizes C. diversus and has, instead, validated the name C. koseri in its place. The 11 species are C. freundii, C. koseri, C. amalonaticus, C. farmeri, C. youngae, C. braakii, C. werkmanii, C. sedlakii, and three unnamed grou...

Abstract Archaeological sites and structures suffer from several factors of deterioration. The present survey focuses on the biodeterioration by plants, which is not less important than rest deterioration factors; moreover, in many cases, it leads to their occurrence. Despite importance plants our lives aesthetic appearance around stone monuments, they pose a threat survival. Therefore, necessa...

Competitive prices for sugars are needed to expand the range of biochemicals that can be industrially synthesized profitably. The most commonly accepted path from these starting materials to products is the Task 42 IEA BioEnergy biorefinery classification system, which is schematically depicted in Fig. 1. The upper part of the figure shows a wide range of potential raw material sources, while t...

Extensive surfaces of land are currently under-utilized, marginal and/or contaminated (MUC) in many EU and neighbouring countries. In the past few years, scientific research has demonstrated that bioenergy crops can potentially render this profitable, generating income for local populations and, at same time, reaching goals new Renewable Energy Directive (REDII) without interfering with food pr...

Agricultural production, agro-industrial food processing, distribution and consumption generate high Amounts of varied by-products waste which place a heavy burden on the environment cause losses to industry. The most common disposal methods wastes are use landfills incineration, lead several environmental, social, economic issues. However, many these have been reported be higher than final pro...

Eggplant is one of the most important vegetable crops known for its nutritive benefits due to abundance various bioactive compounds, which include proteins, vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, phenolics, and dry matter content. In addition, eggplant has significant pharmaceutical properties that have been recently recognized. produces secondary metabolites, including glycoalkaloids, antioxidant ...

Geraldine Monchanin, Laura D. Serpero, Philippe Connes, Julien Tripette, Dieudonné Wouassi, Laurent Bezin, Alain Francina, Jeanne Ngongang, Monica de la Peña, Raphael Massarelli, David Gozal, Patrice Thiriet, and Cyril Martin Equipe d’Accueil 647 Center of Research and Innovation on Sports, University of Lyon 1, Lyon, France; Kosair Children’s Hospital Research Institute, University of Louisvil...

Engineering cyanobacteria into photosynthetic microbial cell factories for the production of biochemicals and biofuels is a promising approach toward sustainability. Cyanobacteria naturally grow on light and carbon dioxide, bypassing the need of fermentable plant biomass and arable land. By tapping into the central metabolism and rerouting carbon flux towards desirable compound production, cyan...