abstract: one the most important problems in recent sensitive loads is the quality of voltage. for this challenge custom power devices are used in distribution systems. dynamic voltage restorer (dvr) is a custom power device that improves voltage, decrease power distortion, filter harmonics and balance distributed generations (dgs) with low voltage distribution system. in this paper, a new algo...

The whole cell version of the patch clamp technique was used to identify and characterize voltage-gated Ca2+ channels in enzymatically dissociated bovine adrenal zona fasciculata (AZF) cells. The great majority of cells (84 of 86) expressed only low voltage-activated, rapidly inactivating Ca2+ current with properties of T-type Ca2+ current described in other cells. Voltage-dependent activation ...

The retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) regulates the ionic composition of the fluid surrounding the photoreceptors by transport mechanisms that utilize Cl- channels. Cl- currents in RPE cells, however, remain incompletely characterized. The purpose of this study was to identify the Cl- currents in acutely isolated Xenopus RPE cells using whole-cell patch clamp. We describe three different Cl- cur...

We suggest that both muand delta-opiate receptors on dorsal root ganglion neuron somata are coupled to voltageand/or calcium-dependent potassium channels since opioid peptide decreases of calciumdependent action potential duration were: (1) not associated with a change of resting membrane potential or conductance; (2) accompanied by an increase in action potential after-hyperpolarization, and (...

Azidonitrobenzoyl mono[125I]iodo scorpion toxin can be covalently attached to its receptor site in electrically excitable neuroblastoma cells or synaptosomes by photolysis. A polypeptide of Mr approximately 250,000 is specifically labeled in neuroblastoma cells. Labeling is blocked by unlabeled scorpion toxin and by depolarization. This polypeptide is not labeled in a variant neuroblastoma clon...

Intracellular pH was recorded in immature starfish oocytes using pH-sensitive microelectrodes, and inwardly rectifying potassium currents were measured under voltage clamp. When the intracellular pH was lowered using acetate-buffered artificial sea water from the normal value of 7.09 to 5.9, inward rectification was completely blocked. The relationship between inward rectification and internal ...

Voltage-dependent Na conductance of rat myotubes was studied by patch recordings of single-channels. The patches were excised from the cell with the patch electrode, and the cytoplasmic surface was bathed in either CsF or tetramethylammonium (TMA)-F. Inward currents were examined from -20 to -50 mV. In this range Cs and TMA both appeared to be nearly impermeant, but TMA blocked the channel in a...

Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) generate slow waves in gastrointestinal (GI) muscles. Previous studies have suggested that slow wave generation and propagation depends on a voltage-dependent Ca(2+) entry mechanism with the signature of a T-type Ca(2+) conductance. We studied voltage-dependent inward currents in isolated ICC. ICC displayed two phases of inward current upon depolarization: a lo...

Although it is known that voltage-gated Ca2+ conductances (VGCCs) contribute to the responses of dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) neurons, little is known about the properties of VGCCs in the DCN. In this study, the whole cell voltage-clamp technique was used to examine the pharmacology and voltage dependence of VGCCs in unidentified DCN neurons acutely isolated from guinea pig brain stem. The maj...

We examined the properties of glutamate agonist-induced Ca2+ fluxes in cultured CG-4 and O-2A progenitor cells from rat cortex. Kainate-induced Ca2+ fluxes in these cells were found to be attributable to the activation of AMPA receptors. Thus, these fluxes were enhanced by cyclothiazide but not by concanavalin A and were blocked completely by GYKI-53655. We simultaneously examined kainate-induc...