background: the current study investigated the possible role of the cell cycle regulator, cyclin-dependent kinases regulatory subunit-2; the angiogenic factor, plateletderived endothelial cell growth factor; and the cell adhesive molecule, neural cadherin, as prognostic factors in schistosomal and non-schistosomal-associated urothelial carcinomas. we also investigated the possible correlation b...

a case of pheochromocytoma of the bladder is presented with a r eview of the literature. we discuss general management principles of bladder pheochromocytoma. successful diagnosis and treatment of this lesion requires a high index of suspicion based upon the patient's symptom complex, allowing preoperative preparation prior to surgical treatment.

the environmental procarcinogen which are responcible for carcinogenesis, to form the proximate carcinogen, they require metabolic activation by drug metabolizing enzymes. the cyp3a subfamily enzymes play an important role in elimination of drugs. the substrates for cyp3a4 enzyme include drugs, and endogenous substances. therefore, allelic changes in the coding regions of cyp3a4, increases the ...

conclusions bladder perforation and stones are rare examples of complications in v-p surgical procedures. controlling the effective length of the terminal v-p shunt and modifying it appropriately can effectively reduce these complications. case presentation we report on a 38-year-old male who had hydrocephalus and v-p shunt for 12 years. two years ago, he found himself with recurrent urinary tr...

Background & Aims: Hydronephrosis is a common problem in prenatal and newborn infants diagnosed by ultrasonography. Bladder to ureter reflux, the upper or lower urinary tract obstruction, and neurogenic bladder are the most common causes of hydronephrosis in newborns and infants. Methods: In this study, 100 neonates and infants with hydronephrosis were observed clinically and laboratorically fo...

PURPOSE Patients with nocturnal enuresis may have small functional bladder capacity or altered bladder fullness sensation. We determined whether reducing bladder volume would affect the central inhibition of voiding that is normally present between birth and 2 weeks of life in neonatal rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS One and 3-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 50% bladder volume reduction by...

Objective: To assess the safety and efficacy of bladder irrigation for reducing the morbidity of bladder stones in patients with neurological lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD). Methods: From June 2012 to July 2013, patients with NLUTD were prospectively randomized and assigned to either a bladder irrigation group or a no bladder irrigation group. Bladder irrigations were performed twice a...

Bladder carcinoma is one of the most common urological malignancies with many rare histological variants associated various prognosis. The recognition these bladder may be helpful in selecting appropriate therapeutic approach and to predict prognosis patients. We present three such entities urothelial squamous differentiation, cell metastatic which are bad

Bladder Cancer In article number 2206893, Benkang Shi, Xinyi Jiang, and co-workers report an intravesical instillation nanoparticle-hydrogel hybrid system for cascade metabolic modulation of intracellular ammonia to combat bladder cancer. This work shows that in tumor cells could induce apoptosis may be a practical strategy eradication