This paper generalizes traditional models of security policies, from specifications of whether programs are secure, to specifications of how secure programs are. This is a generalization from qualitative, black-and-white policies to quantitative, gray policies. Included are generalizations from traditional definitions of safety and liveness policies to definitions of gray-safety and gray-livene...

A gray TiO₂/SrTiO₃ composite nanocrystalline sensor with narrow band-gap was successfully prepared through a facile wet chemical method. The precursor was calcined in N₂ flow under atmospheric pressure and thereafter, a humidity sensor based on the composite was fabricated. The sensor showed high resistive sensitivity and varied by more than four orders of magnitude with an increase in relative...

Wireless ad hoc network is a collection of mobile nodes and all nodes behave as router or host. Due to its dynamic nature and lack of central authority security is challenging task. The nodes of network may compromise from the various security threats and can leak the personal information. Numerous security threats such as Denial of Service, black hole attack, Gray-hole attack, Worm hole, Sybil...

A scanned, complex document image may be composed of text, graphics, halftones, and pictures, whose layout is unknown. In this paper, we propose a novel segmentation scheme for scanned document images that facilitates their efficient compression. Our scheme segments an input image into binarizable components and non-binarizable components. By a binarizable component we mean that the region can ...

[B] Electron microscope image (x 10,000) of a normal platelet showing the presence of dense (black arrow) and α-granules (green arrow) Transmission of gray platelet syndrome is autosomal-dominant in some cases but recessive in others, suggesting heterogeneity in the origin of the defect [2]. Thrombocytopenia in pregnancy is not rare. It is observed in 6% to 15% of pregnant women at the end of p...

Abstract Three distinct paragenetic and compositional types of tourmaline were described from the Velence Granite surrounding contact slate. Rare, pitch-black, disseminated I (intragranitic tourmaline) occurs in granite, pegmatite, aplite; very rare, black to greenish-gray, euhedral II (miarolitic miarolitic cavities pegmatites; abundant, gray, brown yellow or even colorless, acicular III (meta...

Panaqolus albivermis is described as a new species based on four specimens from the San Alejandro River, a tributary of the upper Ucayali River in central Peru. Panaqolus albivermis is diagnosed from all other Panaqolus except P. maccus by having head, body, and fins with widely separated small white to yellow spots, vermiculations, and/or thin oblique bands on a black base (vs. exclusively sma...

It is shown that dark solitons display an inherent instability for a strong saturation of the nonlinear refractive index provided that the background intensity exceeds a certain critical value. Such an instability manifests itself as a drift of a black soliton that transform into a gray soliton and radiation.

Achromatic adjustment has been used widely to study color context effects. In the achromatic adjustment procedure, an observer adjusts a test stimulus until it appears black, gray, or white. By its nature, achromatic adjustment directly measures the effect of context only for stimuli that appear gray. We present achromatic loci measured in two contexts and asymmetric color matches measured acro...