High fluence-rate blue light (BL) rapidly inhibits hypocotyl growth in Arabidopsis, as in other species, after a lag time of 30 s. This growth inhibition is always preceded by the activation of anion channels. The membrane depolarization that results from the activation of anion channels by BL was only 30% of the wild-type magnitude in hy4, a mutant lacking the HY4 BL receptor. High-resolution ...

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a crucial regulator of energy metabolic homeostasis, is suggested to regulate inflammatory responses, but its precise mechanisms are not fully understood. It has been reported that pharmacological activation of AMPK induces heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression. β-Lapachone (BL), a well-known substrate of NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1), has been demonstr...

INTRODUCTION Burkitt-like lymphoma (BLL) is a provisional category of B-cell lymphoma which is morphologically intermediate between Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL). The clinical significance of this morphology is controversial. PATIENTS AND METHODS We examined 41 cases of pediatric B-cell lymphoma by immunohistochemistry for proteins associated with proto-oncogenes c-my...

Epstein Barr virus (EBV) sequence variation is thought to contribute to Burkitt lymphoma (BL), but lack of data from primary BL tumors hampers efforts to test this hypothesis. We directly sequenced EBV from 12 BL biopsies from Ghana, Brazil, and Argentina, aligned the obtained reads to the wild-type (WT) EBV reference sequence, and compared them with 100 published EBV genomes from normal and di...

PRDM1/Blimp-1 is a tumor suppressor gene in the activated B-cell subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Its inactivation contributes to pathogenesis in this setting by impairing terminal B-cell differentiation induced by constitutive nuclear factor-κB activation. The role of PRDM1 in Burkitt lymphoma (BL) lymphomagenesis is not known. Here we identified hypermethylation of the promoter regi...

The paper studies the connections and differences between bilevel problems (BL) and generalized semi-infinite problems (GSIP). Under natural assumptions (GSIP) can be seen as a special case of a (BL). We consider the so-called reduction approach for (BL) and (GSIP) leading to optimality conditions and Newtontype methods for solving the problems. We show by a structural analysis that for (GSIP)-...

The paper studies the connections and differences between bilevel problems (BL) and generalized semi-infinite problems (GSIP). Under natural assumptions (GSIP) can be seen as a special case of a (BL). We consider the so-called reduction approach for (BL) and (GSIP) leading to optimality conditions and Newton-type methods for solving the problems. We show by a structural analysis that for (GSIP)...

Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) DNA is nearly always detectable in African Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) but is infrequently found in the histologically indistinguishable American BL. We have derived a tumor cell line from a patient with American BL which produces EBV, and we have compared this virus isolate [JLP(c)] with African BL EBV. The American JLP(c) virus immortalizes human umbilical cord lymphocyte...

In this paper we show that the subvarieties of BL, the variety of BL-algebras, generated by single BL-chains on [0, 1], determined by continuous t-norms, are finitely axiomatizable. An algorithm to check the subsethood relation between these subvarieties is provided, as well as another procedure to effectively find the equations of each subvariety. From a logical point of view, the latter corre...

Butyrolactone I (BL I), a potent and specific inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases, was shown to block germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) in porcine oocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. GVBD was almost totally inhibited over the course of 44 h of culture when 100 pM BL I was included in TCM 199 containing either 3 mg/ml BSA or 5 % fetal calf serum (FCS). In contrast, 50 pM BL 1 was full...