Birds sitting or feeding on live large African herbivorous mammals are a visible, yet quite neglected, type of commensalistic-mutualistic association. Here, we investigate general patterns in such relationships at large spatial and taxonomic scales. To obtain large-scale data, an extensive internet-based search for photos was carried out on Google Images. To characterize patterns of the structu...

—Recent experiments support the longstanding hypothesis that Common Cuckoos (Cuculus canorus) are mimics of Eurasian Sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus). Additional experiments further suggest that mimicry benefits the cuckoos by reducing the intensity of mobbing they suffer near host nests, at least in some host populations, potentially increasing their access to the hosts’ nests. We observed two s...

Feather mites (Astigmata: Analgoidea and Pterolichoidea) are commensal ectosymbionts permanently living on avian hosts. The study was based parasitological examination of 59 bird specimens representing 28 species from the orders Accipitriformes, Apodiformes, Columbiformes, Passeriformes, Pelecaniformes, Strigiformes collected in Artvin, Samsun, Sakarya, Türkiye. We recovered 18 feather mite fam...

This study was performed  in second half of year 2009.For bird counting , monthly from Septamber until March 2009. Total counted birds in Maroon lake were (971). Maximum number of counted birds was in February  (191) and minimum of counted was in Septamber (95). Total counted birds in Jaizan were (385. Maximum number of the counted bird was in February (84) and minimum of counted (52) was in Ja...

This study was performed  in second half of year 2009.For bird counting , monthly from Septamber until March 2009. Total counted birds in Maroon lake were (971). Maximum number of counted birds was in February  (191) and minimum of counted was in Septamber (95). Total counted birds in Jaizan were (385. Maximum number of the counted bird was in February (84) and minimum of counted (52) was in Ja...

In the present study, the potency and immunogenicity of the inactivated bivalent vaccine of Newcastle disease (ND) and avian influenza (AI) produced by Razi institute in Iran were compared with a similar imported vaccine administered by standard methods to specific-pathogen-free (SPF) chicken. A total of 150 twenty-one-day-old SPF chickens were used for evaluating Razi and imported inactivated ...

THE ECOLOGICAL QUESTION: Does cowbird brood parasitism reduce songbird numbers? WHAT STUDENTS DO: Students use a spreadsheet to compare numbers of individuals of up to 40 bird species in sites with and without cowbirds. SKILLS: Using a spreadsheet to make figures. ASSESSABLE OUTCOMES: Figure from spreadsheet data, written interpretation of data, written analysis of the published paper. The brow...