Autor do korespondencji: Anna Węgrzyn – Ph.D., e-mail: anna.wegrzyn@polsl.pl Introduction Archaea are prokaryotic micro-organisms which are able to live only in extreme environments. Based on state-of-the-art those micro-organisms can be divided into three groups: methanogens, thermoacidophiles and halophiles [1]. Those micro-organisms are considered to be pioneer organisms, inhabiting most adv...

Cyanobacteria (Blue-green algae) are a morphologically diverse and widely distributed group of photosynthetic prokaryotes which exhibit oxygenic (O2evolving) photosynthesis similar to plants (Stanier and Cohen-Bazire, 1977). They are among the oldest life forms on earth which evolved around 2.4 billion years ago (Fischer, 2008). Comprising about 150 genera with more than 2000 species, they exhi...

Lipase genes originating from the Gram-negative bacteria Serrutiu marcescens and Pseudomonus urruginosa were cloned. S. marcescens lipase was overexpressed in Escherichia coli yielding inclusion bodies which were purified and finally refolded to give enzymatically active lipase. The lipase operon of P. aeruginosa consisting of genes 1ipA and lip14 was cloned behind the T7 410 promoter and overe...

The patent system has been able to provide the protection for the achievements of different technologies and in that way it has supported further development and growth of the industry where those achievements were implemented. Modern technologies like information technology and biotechnology with genetic engineering that appeared in the 70s have overgrown the frames of the existing patent syst...

Marine sponges (Porifera) have attracted significant attention from various scientific disciplines. Remarkable traces, left by sponges in the fossil records have been studied by paleontologists and evolutionary biologists. As sponges produce various novel chemical molecules, they have been a goldmine to chemists and also found their way into biotechnological applications. Microbiologists became...

Copyright © 2015 Frédéric Pecorari et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Many industrial/biotechnological processes take place under extreme conditions of temperature, pH, salinity, or pressure which are not suita...

The place of biotechnological detoxification in the mycotoxin prevention program The production of feeds free from mycotoxins or containing mycotoxins at levels under the tolerance limit requires the application of a mycotoxin prevention program that involves a successive series of actions consisting of multiple elements. The program starts with the selection of suitable grain varieties and end...

Enzymes are biological catalysts (also known as biocatalysts) that speed up biochemical reactions in living organisms, and which can be extracted from cells and then used to catalyse a wide range of commercially important processes. This chapter covers the basic principles of enzymology, such as classification, structure, kinetics and inhibition, and also provides an overview of industrial appl...

This work provides a review about the biotechnological production of citric acid starting from the physicochemical properties and industrial applications, mainly in the food and pharmaceutical sectors. Several factors affecting citric acid fermentation are discussed, including carbon source, nitrogen and phosphate limitations, pH of culture medium, aeration, trace elements and morphology of the...