Clogging constitutes a major operational issue for treatment wetlands. The rest period is key feature of French Vertical Flow (VF) wetlands and serves to mitigate clogging. An ex-situ drying experiment was performed mimic the record structural changes in porous media using X-ray Computed Tomography (CT). Samples containing deposit gravel layers first stage VF wetland were extracted left dry con...

From the perspective of a circular economy that prioritizes resource reuse and recovery, sewage sludge could be source nutrients for agricultural soils or energy, depending on its characteristics. Lombardy is region with highest quantity production management in Italy. A methodology was developed to: extract analyze quantitative data (EWC 190805) (2017–2018); collect qualitative from publicly a...

Nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) are essential nutrients for optimum plant growth. A commercial-grade biosolid-enriched ammonium sulfate (Bio/AMS) was evaluated compared with a conventional, (AMS) to investigate the release patterns of N S in soils. The laboratory-based studies included (a) characterization fertilizer sources, (b) soil leaching columns 0.01% citric acid an soil, (c) incubation follo...