We conducted a study with cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) in the delta of San Francisco Bay, using nitrogen and carbon stable isotopes to identify trophic position and food web structure. Cadmium is progressively enriched among trophic levels in discrete epiphyte-based food webs composed of macrophyte-dwelling invertebrates (the first link being epiphytic algae) and fishes (the first link being go...

Sub-micron plastics (SMPs, size < 1 µm) are potentially taken up by plants. Serious concerns arise that how far SMPs can transfer from plants into food webs. Here, we show lettuce takes 250 nm gadolinium labelled polystyrene (PS) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) the soil. The polymer type influences biodistribution of particles in (roots leaves) number transferred to insects feeding on treated lett...

Marine and land plastic debris biodegrades at micro- nanoscales through progressive fragmentation. Oceanographic model studies confirm the presence of up to ?2.41 million tons microplastics across Atlantic, Pacific, Indian subtropical gyres. Microplastics distribute from primary (e.g., exfoliating cleansers) secondary chemical deterioration) sources in environment. This anthropogenic phenomenon...

To better understand the bioaccumulation behavior of perfluoroalkyl contaminants (PFCs), we conducted a comparative analysis of PFCs and lipophilic organohalogens in a Canadian Arctic marine food web. Concentrations of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctansulfoamide (PFOSA), and C7-C14 perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) ranged between 0.01 and 0.1 ng x g(-1) dry wt in sediments an...