The synthesis and biological evaluation of ten Michael acceptors containing potential proteasome inhibitors are described. Cellular targets of azide containing inhibitors and were assessed in HEK293T and RAW264.7 cells by a two step labeling strategy, followed by biotin-pulldown, affinity purification, on-bead tryptic digestion and LC-MS(2) identification. This strategy appears to be an attract...

Males in many taxa are known to exhibit behavioural plasticity in response to the perceived intensity of sperm competition, reflected in Drosophila melanogaster by increased copulation duration following prior exposure to a rival. We tested the prediction that males do not adjust their copulation effort in response to the presence of a competitor in Drosophila species where there is little or n...

Measuring In Vivo Myocardial Substrate Competition Using Hyperpolarized 13C Magnetic Resonance Jessica A.M. Bastiaansen, Matthew E. Merritt, and Arnaud Comment Laboratory of Functional and Metabolic Imaging, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland, Advanced Imaging Research Center,Department of Radiology,Molecular Biophysics,Biomedical Engineering, UTSW Medical Center, Texas, United States, Institute of Ph...

In many countries, particularly developing countries, economic reforms, especially privatization, are considered as a strategic approach. The growth of the government decreases the competition in the market, and so, some fields should be privatized in order to create the competition.  By moving towards privatization and the changes in competition methods and the presentation of the World Trade,...

Biological functions are often realized by groups of interacting molecules or cells. Membership in these groups may overlap when molecules or cells are reused in multiple functions. Traditional clustering methods assign components to no more than one group, and cannot identify multi-community nodes. Technical noise is common in high-throughput biological datasets and further blurs distinctions ...

Following a brief discussion of 'classical' competitive learning and of approaches that involve mixtures of experts, we concentrate on competitive learning guided by temporal structure present in the stimuli. In this context, we suggest a general principle for resource allocation and memory management, which may be able to account for a range of psychophysical and neurophysiological ndings. 1 B...

As a result of studying the antifungal activity biological drugs against fungi genus Fusarium , causative agents rot roots and fruits apple tree, both weak very strong mycoparasitism were noted, but in most variants experiment, competition for area nutrition prevailed. Under influence some drugs, shape, edge color fungus colony changed. In general, entire sample pathogens, best bioagents antago...