sunflower is one of four main annual oil plants that cultivated in oil and nut varieties. this plant as an important and industrial food product and because of nutritional features and the potential for earning exchange has become a valuable product in foreign and inner markets and has a special position in agricultural sector. khoy, by producing 40 percent of sunflower productions of country a...

to obtain detailed information of sowing density and defoliation intensity under more controlled conditions on herbage production and seed yield, paraggio medic was grown on raised-beds located outdoors at the waite agricultural research institute. a split split randomised block design was used. treatments comprised three sowing rates (densities): low (3 kg/ha), medium (15 kg/ha) and high (...

The role of selective new generation bioisecticides, beside their effectiveness against key pests, relies on safety to beneficial arthropods. Spinetoram, a semi-synthetic analogue the microbial-derived bioinsecticide spinosad is registered worldwide for application in numerous crops, but assessment its ecotoxicological risk arthropods has scarcely been documented. Moreover, this first report to...

Insect pests represent a major threat to food crops and human health, therefore have be combated in several ways, including chemical methods. However, researchers demonstrated that these molecules are dangerous for the farmers, consumers environment general. For this reason, scientists permanently searched friendly alternatives such as use of bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis classified one best...

the elm leaf beetle xanthogaleruca luteola müller (coleoptera: chrysomelidae), is a serious pest of elm (ulmus spp.) throughout iran. in the present study, lethal and sublethal effects of neem, achook® containing 0.03% azadirachtin, were assessed on mortality, growth, larval weight and feeding deterrence as well as enzymatic and non-enzymatic activities of third instar larvae of the elm leaf be...