introduction camels belong to the family of camelidae, suborder of tylopoda, order of artiodactyla and class of mammalians. the family camelidae has two old world species, double-humped camel (camelus bactrianus) and single-humped camel (camelus dromedaries) and four new world (tribe lamini) species, guanaco (lama guanicoe), llama (lama glama), alpaca (lama pacos) and vicuna (lama vicugna or vi...

normal 0 false false false microsoftinternetexplorer4 background: the most common cancer among women is breast cancer and it has been blamed as the second leading cause of cancer death in women; so far many approaches have been used to analyze and detect benign and malignant forms of cancer and understanding the features involved in proteins expressed by various types of breast cancers is cruci...

Bioinformatics is a relatively new field concerned with the computational analysis and prediction of properties of biomolecules, DNA, RNA, and proteins, in particular, on a genomic/proteomic scale. Machine learning models play increasingly important roles in development of novel methodologies, summarization, and high-throughput analysis in the bioinformatics field. Advances in the related area,...

Background: CDKN2A, encoding two important tumor suppressor proteins p16 and p14, is a tumor suppressor gene. Mutations in this gene and subsequently the defect in p16 and p14 proteins lead to the downregulation of RB1/p53 and cancer malignancy. To identify the structural and functional effects of mutations, various powerful bioinformatics tools are available. The aim of this study is the ident...

This research initially focused on construction of a graph database for bioinformatics — a database system allowing storage and retrieval of labeled, directed graphs. Intuitively, graph databases seem well-suited for applications like bioinformatics that involve complex, unstructured information in a fundamental way. However, it is difficult to translate graph data management research into bioi...

Bioinformatics is a field of study dealing with methods for storing, retrieving and analyzing gene and protein oriented biological data. High-throughput technologies like DNA sequencing or microarrays allow researchers to obtain large volumes of heterogeneous and mutually interacting data. Analysis and understanding of these data provides a natural application field for machine learning algorit...

although more than 98% of the human genome is transcribed, most of these transcripts are not translated into proteins. rather, they are considered as non-coding rnas. micrornas (mirnas) are very short non-coding rnas approximately 22 nucleotides in length which regulate many key processes of cells such as growth, proliferation, differentiation, cell cycle, apoptosis (programmed cell death) and ...

prolactin is mainly secreted by the anterior pituitary and is able to stimulate mammary gland development and lactation in mammalians. although prolactins share a common ancestral gene encoding, they show species specific characteristics and their efficiency may be different in various mammals. the importance of protein structures of all sequences of this hormone have been studied by various bi...

Introduction Bioinformatics is generally defined as the application of information technology to help solve problems in cellular and molecular biology. This covers a broad range of topics from computational models of protein folding to the storage, search, and retrieval of gene sequence data. An emerging topic of interest in this area is automatic analysis of the bio-medical scientific literatu...

While RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) has become increasingly popular for transcrip‐ tome profiling, the analysis of the massive amount of data generated by large‐scale RNA‐seq still remains a challenge. RNA‐seq data analyses typically consist of (1) accurate mapping of millions of short sequencing reads to a reference genome, including the identification of splicing events; (2) quantifying expression...