emerging of the industrial revolution caused the dominance of machine in man`s life. at the beginning, man was fascinated by machine; by its order, automation, and its efficiency. then he tried to adapt this mechanistic order to his life and create a completely ordered, clean and predictable environment. thus modern urbanism appeared. in comparison with dark, airless and contaminated industrial...

city growth and environmental difficulties last decades leads the art of urban design and development think more precisely and new approaches for conserving environment and developing urban areas have been evolved.the present study deals with concepts related to ecology in the city and in particular the theory of ecological urbanism and its criteria is expressed. also theory and characteristics...

The “Dracula urbanism” conception seeks to identify destructive transformation underway in cities under the guise of “smart city” movement. According Wilson and Wyly assessment trends Flint, Michigan Jakarta, Indonesia (but by implication occurring on a global scale), an exploitative “real estate state” is systematically rooting out all traces decay (and poor) not only purify environment but al...

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the aim of the present study was to assess the bio-trickling filter startup for the treatment ofwastewater produced by pegah dairy company at psychrophilic condition. the startup time of a bio-tricklingfilter is directly proportional to the concentration of microbial population. abio-trickling column with a height of150 cm was packed with lava rocks with the liquid recirculated through the pack...

Modern rapidly expanding cities generate intricate patterns of species diversity owing to immense complexity in urban spatial structure and current growth trajectories. We propose to identify and uncouple the drivers that give rise to these patterns by looking at the effect of urbanism on species diversity over a previously unexplored long temporal frame that covers early developments in urbani...

Purpose – This paper explores the possibilities for global concepts of paradise to serve a cross-cultural urban environmental discourse. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to a more widespread mobilization of support for biophilic urbanism. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology deployed in the paper draws from original and secondary sources from a variety of regions, cultures, a...