This study is to determine how bilingualism could influence the list of Persian basic color terms and their order. Using a monolingual Persian and a bilingual Kurd sample students, and a color list task, it is assumed that bilingualism could change the ordering of the non-basic color terms in the second language, but not the basic ones. Another assumption is that, the old usual methods for obta...

Abstract The multidimensionality of the bilingual experience makes investigation bilingualism fascinating but also challenging. Although literature distinguishes several aspects bilingualism, measurement methods and relationships between these have not been clearly established. In a group 171 relatively young Polish–English bilinguals living in their first-language environment, this study inves...

The influence of bilingualism on cognitive functioning is currently a topic of intense scientific debate. The strongest evidence for a cognitive benefit of bilingualism has been demonstrated in executive functions. However, the causal direction of the relationship remains unclear: does learning other languages improve executive functions or are people with better executive abilities more likely...

The current study explores the influence of socioeconomic status (SES) and bilingualism on the linguistic skills and verbal short-term memory of preschool children. In previous studies comparing children of low and mid-high SES, the terms "a child with low-SES" and "a child speaking a minority language" are often interchangeable, not enabling differentiated evaluation of these two variables. Th...

Until recently, research on language processing and its cognitive basis assumed that monolingual speakers were the model subjects of study and that English provided an adequate basis on which universal principles might be generalized. In this view, bilinguals were considered a special group of language users, much like brain-damaged patients, children with language disorders, or deaf individual...

the question of who is and who is not a bilingual is more difficult to answer than it first appears. bilingualism was long regarded as the equal mastery of two languages, a definition that still prevails in certain glossaries of linguistics. however, today's complex world requires a more exact definition and analysis of the competencies that community members require to interact with speakers o...

Language is a uniquely human phenomenon. People are able to communicate infinite ideas to one another through the use of words. Across the world people communicate in numerous different languages. Although people readily attain proficiency at any language they are exposed to as a child, the difficulties of learning a language later in life, past the critical period, are well known. While the co...

Cross-linguistic differences in emotionality of autobiographical memories were examined by eliciting memories of immigration from bilingual speakers. Forty-seven Russian-English bilinguals were asked to recount their immigration experiences in either Russian or English. Bilinguals used more emotion words when describing their immigration experiences in the second language (English) than in the ...

This study investigated whether observers can identify what language was being spoken in visual-only speech stimuli, and whether or not this ability depends on an observers’ prior linguistic experience. Participants watched visual-only speech stimuli and were asked to decide if the talker in the video was speaking English or Spanish. Four groups of participants were studied: monolinguals and bi...

While several scholars have examined the influence of emotions on bilingual performance (Anooshian and Hertel 1994; Bond and Lai 1986; Javier and Marcos 1989) and second language learning and use (Arnold 1999; Schumann 1994, 1997, 1999), to date very little is known about ways in which bilinguals talk about emotions in their two languages. The present study investigates discursive construction ...