In most vertebrates, the liver produces bile that is necessary to emulsify absorbed fats and enable the digestion of lipids in the small intestine as well as to excrete bilirubin and other metabolic products. In the liver, the experimental obstruction of the extrahepatic biliary system initiates a complex cascade of pathological events that leads to cholestasis and inflammation resulting in a s...

BACKGROUND We have previously demonstrated that enteral exclusion augments pancreatic p38 mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) production after bile-pancreatic duct ligation in rats. METHODS In the present study, we evaluated c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) activation, and cytokine produ...

Coagulation cascade activation and fibrin deposits have been implicated or observed in diverse forms of liver damage. Given that fibrin amplifies pathological inflammation in several diseases through the integrin receptor αMβ2, we tested the hypothesis that disruption of the fibrin(ogen)-αMβ2 interaction in Fibγ(390-396A) mice would reduce hepatic inflammation and fibrosis in an experimental se...

Chronic inflammation induced by repeated infection with Opisthorchis viverrini has been postulated to be a risk factor for cholangiocarcinoma. To clarify the mechanism of carcinogenesis induced by repeated O.viverrini infection, we investigated the timecourse of 8-nitroguanine and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) formation, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, nitric ...

PURPOSE The reflux of pancreatic enzymes into the biliary tract is associated with chronic inflammation and increases cellular proliferation of the biliary epithelium, leading to biliary carcinoma. The aim of this study is to detect the incidence of occult pancreaticobiliary reflux (OPBR) in patients who underwent elective cholecystectomy. METHODS Forty-seven patients with symptomatic gallsto...

It has been reported that the adjuvant-induced inflammation could affect drug metabolism in liver. Here we further investigated the effect of inflammation on drug transport in liver using taurocholate as a model drug. The hepatic disposition kinetics of [(3)H]taurocholate in perfused normal and adjuvant-treated rat livers were investigated by the multiple indicator dilution technique and data w...

Anatomic variations in forensic extrahepatic bile ducts is common. Knowledge of extrahepatic bile duct variations is important for surgeons in order to prevent iatrogenic damage during surgery. This study aims to determine the variations in extrahepatic bile ducts among 150 cadavers located at the Kerman Medicine Organization. We performed autopsies on 150 cadavers. Bile ducts were exposed an...

BACKGROUND In pancreaticobiliary maljunction (PBM), the sphincter of Oddi can not control bile and pancreatic juice flow, which may lead to two-way reflux of bile and pancreatic juice, thus causing chronic inflammation, thickening, fibrosis and metaplasia of the common bile duct wall. These pathophysiological changes have been linked to disruption of the epithelium barrier in the common bile du...

The malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis syndrome is an important prognostic factor for hemodialysis (HD) patients. Linagliptin is a bile-excreted dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP)-4 inhibitor, and therefore, dose reduction is not necessary for HD patients. The anti-inflammatory effects of linagliptin were reported in HD patients, and linagliptin may also prevent systemic atherosclerosis. Advance...

introduction: the present study aims to compare bile and urine samples of a corpse for detection of morphine. methods: in this cross-sectional study, forensic examination of the bodies placed 59 of the 366 referred corpses at the high suspicion of opioid overdose. urine and bile samples of the bodies were analyzed for morphine using thin layer chromatography. results: all samples were taken fro...