Composition bias from Chargaff's second parity rule (PR2) has long been found in sequenced genomes, and is believed to relate strongly with the replication process in microbial genomes. However, some disagreement on the underlying reason for strand composition bias remains. We performed an integrative analysis of various genomic features that might influence composition bias using a large-scale...

Using Italian data, we estimate an option value model to quantify the effect of financial incentives on retirement choices. As far as we know, this is the first empirical study to estimate the conditional multiple-years model put forward by Stock and Wise (1990). This implies that we account for dynamic self-selection bias. We also present an extended version of this model in which the marginal...

A theoretical framework is presented to explain how agents respond to information under uncertainty in contingent valuation surveys. Agents are provided with information signals and referendum prices as part of the elicitation process. Agents use Bayesian updating to revise prior distributions. An information prompt is presented to reduce hypothetical bias. However, we show the interaction betw...

This paper uses panel data from the Small and Medium Enterprise Survey in Vietnam from 2005 to 2013 to investigate the incidence and size of corruption in Vietnam. The Heckman’s two-step model is employed to take into account censored nature of the data on bribes and sample selection bias. We find strong evidence that the propensity to bribe as well as bribe amounts are highly positively correl...

The statistical properties of galaxy distance estimators corresponding to the Tully-Fisher and D n − σ relations are studied, and a rigorous framework for identifying and removing the effects of Malmquist bias due to observational selection is developed. The prescription of Schechter (1980) for defining unbiased distance estimators is verified and extended to more general – and more realistic –...

Penalization procedures often suffer from their dependence on multiplying factors, whose optimal values are either unknown or hard to estimate from the data. We propose a completely data-driven calibration algorithm for this parameter in the least squares regression framework, without assuming a particular shape for the penalty. Our algorithm relies on the concept of minimal penalty, recently i...

Introduction There is general consensus that randomised clinical trial (RCT) can provide the most valid conclusions about effects of different treatment as eligible patients are randomly allocated into two or more alternative treatments. Trials using non-randomised comparison groups like historical controls tend to yield more optimistic results than randomised trials. It is believed that random...

Runoff estimation resulted from precipitation is the basis of more study in various develop and exploit design from water resource, then its measure and calculation due to environmental bottlenecks, always have a plenty problem. As a result of the importance of output runoff estimation and flood volume in watershed for the sake of country integrated watershed management in this study tried to 9...

This paper explores how the timing of career-contingent financial aid influences its effectiveness in encouraging law students to enter public interest work, and hence the isolated effect of educational debt timing on career choice. I analyze quasi-experimental data from NYU Law School’s Innovative Financial Aid Study, in which careercontingent financial aid packages with equivalent net values ...