In many studies of human movement, calculations of mechanical energy and physiological energy costs of exercise (Aleshinsky, 1986; Bhambhani & Singh, 1985; Cavagna, Thys & Zamboni, 1976; Robertson & Winter, 1980; Pierrynowski, Winter & Norman, 1980; Saito, Ohkuwa, Ikegami & Miyamura, 1983; Sakurai & Miyashita, 1985; Williams & Cavanagh, 1983; Williams, 1985; Winter, Quanbury & Reimer, 1978; Zur...