The paper describes dosimetric models that allow the estimation of average radiation exposures to terrestrial biota due to environmental sources in the soil as well as internal uniform distributions of radionuclides. Simple three-dimensional phantoms for 13 faunal reference organisms are specified. The calculation of absorbed dose per unit source strength for these targets is based on photon an...

A beta-(1-5)-galactofuran was isolated and characterized from fraction F1S (alkali- and water-soluble) of the cell wall of most of the species of Eupenicillium. In E. cryptum, E. euglaucum and E. nepalense the galactan contained galactofuranose with different linkages in addition to beta-(1-5). Fraction F1I (alkali-soluble, water-insoluble) was an alpha-glucan in certain species while in others...

Background: Most preclinical studies are carried out on mice. For internal dose assessment of a mouse, specific absorbed fraction (SAF) values play an important role. In most studies, SAF values are estimated using older standard human organ compositions and values for limited source target pairs.Objective: SAF values for monoenergetic photons of energies 15, 50, 100, 500, 1000 and 4000 keV...

UNLABELLED Dose assessment to active bone marrow is a critical feature of radionuclide therapy treatment planning. Skeletal dosimetry models currently used to assign radionuclide S values for clinical marrow dose assessment are based on bone and marrow cavity chord-length distributions. Accordingly, these models cannot explicitly consider energy loss to inactive marrow (adipose tissue) during p...

Abstract. The dose rate of the 90Sr / 90Y beta source used in most luminescence readers is a laboratory key parameter. There well-established body knowledge about parameters controlling accuracy and precision calibration value but some hard-to-explain inconsistencies still exist. Here, we have investigated impact grain size, aliquot size irradiation geometry on resulting through experiments sim...

Advances in drug development and design have significantly reduced the cardiovascular effect of these drugs, including improved receptor selectivity, direct pulmonary drug delivery, reduced systemic bioavailability, and improved elimination of the absorbed drug. In the past few years some new medications were marketed, including two long-acting beta-2 agonists (LABA; indacaterol, vilanterol); a...

BACKGROUND Somatostatin analogue-based radionuclide therapy with (177)Lu-DOTATATE is an important treatment option for patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumours overexpressing somatostatin receptors. In addition to the kidneys, the bone marrow is a major dose-limiting organ. The correlation between developed haematological toxicity and absorbed dose to the bone marrow is poor, which indicat...

monte carlo simulation is widely used in calculations involing transport of photons through different materials of different shapes. the method consists of randomly generating a finite set of photon histories over which the quantities of interest are averaged. in photon transport calculations, sampling the photon scattering angle from the klein-nishina probability distribution is of special imp...