This study investigated the chloride penetration of surface-treated concrete in natural and accelerated environments. A part of a real concrete port, including the beams and the columns, was investigated. Concrete specimens cast together with the concrete port were transported to the lab and subjected to wetting and drying cycles for accelerating the ingression of chloride ion. Chloride concent...

Ion transport properties of grape root lipids were measured as liquid-membrane permeability. Phosphatidylcholine exchanged chloride very slowly against carbonate and bicarbonate but more rapidly against nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate. Exchange of chloride against nitrate was rather low for the phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine lipid fractions; monogalactose diglyceride was by fa...

The effects of a chloride-poor medium (methanesulfonate substituted) and a chloride transport inhibitor (SITS) on the outward delayed current and the tonic tension were studied on frog atrial trabeculae under voltage-clamp conditions. The outward delayed current decreased in low-chloride medium (10.5 mmol/l) or in the presence of SITS (2 mmol/l). The tonic tension increased in chloride-poor sol...

Background: Aluminum, as an environmental pollutant, can exert oxidative stress on spermatogenesis and sperm morphology. Silymarin, an effective substance extracted from Silybum marianum, is a potent antioxidant which inhibits oxidative stress. Due to the damaging effects of aluminum on the male reproductive system as well as sperm and the role of silymarin, this study was performed to investig...

To the Editor, The Indian Medical Gazette. Sir,?Dr. Brahmachari advises the use of sodium chloride in making up antimony solutions for injection, ' and Drs. Napier and Muir state that the use of sodium chloride does not matter much and their injections can be given without sodium chloride. I have recently noticed in my kala-azar centres that while using scale preparation of sodium antimony tart...

The effects of transport inhibitors on the movements of oxalate and chloride across the isolated short circuited rabbit colon were studied. Net oxalate absorption was shown in this species and was shown to be an energy dependent process as indicated by its sensitivity to 2-4 dinitrophenol (DNP) 10(-4)M. Mucosal addition of 4-acetamido-4-isothiocyano-2,-stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acid (SITS) 10(-4...

Chloride outflux and influx has been studied in single isolated muscle fibers from the giant barnacle under constant internal composition by means of a dialysis perfusion technique. Membrane potential was continually recorded. The chloride outfluxes and influxes were 143 and 144 pmoles/cm(2)-sec (mean resting potential: 58 mv, temperature: 22 degrees -24 degrees C) with internal and external ch...

BACKGROUND The aim of this analysis was to determine the long-term prognostic value of lower serum chloride in patients with stable chronic heart failure. Electrolyte abnormalities are prevalent in patients with chronic heart failure. Little is known regarding the prognostic implications of lower serum chloride. METHODS AND RESULTS Serum chloride was measured in 1673 consecutively consented s...

using a geographic information system and statistics, we evaluated spatial distributions ofnitrate and chloride concentrations in groundwater in an area of north-central texas with agricultural activity,in addition to oil and natural gas exploration and production. data were compiled from 40 water wells sampledin 2007. nitrate concentrations in three wells exceeded the maximum contaminant level...

in this investigation, nano silica chloride (nano sio2cl) has been found to be efficient, chemoselective and recyclable catalyst for facile and simple synthesis of germinal diacetates from aromatic and heteroaromatic aldehydes in shorter reaction durations. the products were obtained in high to excellent yields. this work consistently has the advantages of excellent yields, short reaction time,...