The coagulation of oil in water is potentially cost-effective for removing oil from water. A coagulant consisting of sawdust (79.6% by volume), bentonite (15.8% by volume), and calcium hydroxide (4.7% by volume) gives coagulation efficiency of ≥94% and coagulation time of ≤ 45 s. The resulting coagulated material (a semisolid) floats on water. Its oil (liquid) content, which decreases with a de...

To avoid increasing costs of landfill disposal, it has become increasingly important for U.S. foundries to identify beneficial reuses for the 8 to 12 million tons of waste foundry sand (WFS) generated annually. A major drawback to the reuse of some WFSs as a soil amendment is their high soil strength, under dry conditions, where root growth may be limited. Fifteen WFSs were analyzed for strengt...

A class of heterogeneous catalysts based on commercial bentonite from natural origin, containing at least 80 wt% of montmorillonite clay, was designed to transform selectively and under mild conditions toxic organosulfur and organophosphorus chemical warfare agents into non-noxious products with a reduced impact on health and environment. The bentonite from the natural origin was modified by in...

Physical, chemical, and mineralogical characteristics of six bentonites were assessed and related to their elemental release to wine. Extraction essays of bentonites in wine at three pH levels were carried out. The multielemental analysis of bentonites and wines was performed by atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Bentonite addition re...

Swelling clays play a major role in current concepts for the underground disposal of high-level nuclear waste in deep geological formations. In one of the multi-barrier concepts for preventing the escape of radioactive substances from a high-level nuclear waste repository, the barrier consists of a copper container, compacted bentonite as buffer and backfill (the engineered barrier), and the re...

The exact nature of the "rheumatoid factor" is unknown, but it appears to be an antibody-like substance composed of a gamma globulin complex of high molecular weight. Two groups of tests have been used to detect it: the haemagglutination test and the latex-fixation or Bentonite flocculation test. In the first group the indicator consists of sheep red cells with rabbit anti-sheep haemolysin as t...

The adsorption of coagulation factors was studied in the presence of the following decalcifying agents: Ion exchange resins, ammonium citrate, ammonium oxalate, a mixture of potassium and ammonium oxalate, and sodium E.D.T.A. Whichever decalcifying technique was used, the results were similar and only the results using human citrated plasma (1 part of citrate 0.38% to 9 parts of blood) are repo...

Inorganic arsenic removal from water using low-cost adsorbents is presented in this paper. Selective removal of As(III) and As(V) from water was performed with natural materials (zeolite, bentonite, sepiolite, pyrolusite and limonite) and industrial by-products (waste filter sand as a water treatment residual and blast furnace slag from steel production); all inexpensive and locally available. ...

Changes in the Activity of the Pulmonary Surfactant after Contact with Bentonite Nanoclay Particles Dorota Kondej*, Tomasz R. Sosnowski Central Institute for Labour Protection – National Research Institute, Department of Chemical, Aerosol and Biological Hazards, Czerniakowska 16, 00-701 Warsaw, Poland Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering, Waryńskiego 1, 0...

Phonolitic eruptions can erupt either effusively or explosively, and in some cases develop highly energetic events such as caldera-forming eruptions. However, the mechanisms that control the eruptive behaviour of such compositions are not well understood. By combining pre-eruptive data of well studied phonolitic eruptions we show that the explosive-effusive style of the phonolitic magma is cont...