We study the minimal enumeration degree (e-degree) problem in models of fragments of Peano arithmetic (PA) and prove the following results: In any model M of Σ2 induction, there is a minimal enumeration degree if and only if M is a nonstandard model. Furthermore, any cut in such a model has minimal e-degree. By contrast, this phenomenon fails in the absence of Σ2 induction. In fact, whether eve...

Research background: Even though unintentional accounting errors leading to financial restatements look like less serious distortion of publicly available information, it has been shown that impacts on markets are similar intentional fraudulent activities. Unintentional then affect value company shares in the short run which negatively all shareholders.
 Purpose article: The aim this manus...

PURPOSE We hypothesized that combined methylation analysis of Wnt antagonist genes could serve as a panel of biomarkers for diagnosis, staging, and prognosis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Samples (n = 62) of RCC and corresponding normal renal tissue (NRT) were analyzed using methylation-specific PCR for methylation of six Wnt antagonist genes (sFRP-1, sFRP-2, sFRP-4, sFRP...

Opinion Target Extraction is one of the important tasks for text sentiment analysis, which has attracted much attention from many researchers. For this task, we proposed an M-Score algorithm utilized in the model which realized the domain-independent opinion target extraction function. This algorithm is derived from the Pointwise Mutual Information algorithm, but the difference is that it doesn...

introduction: health care industry consists of an unexpected and confusing environment in which quality events play the important role. in such conditions, the necessary changes should be made. excellence models are general oriented frameworks that are able to achieve the above intention. materials & methods: this study is a descriptive cross-sectional study. data gathered by a standard checkli...

Doubly robust estimation combines a form of outcome regression with a model for the exposure (i.e., the propensity score) to estimate the causal effect of an exposure on an outcome. When used individually to estimate a causal effect, both outcome regression and propensity score methods are unbiased only if the statistical model is correctly specified. The doubly robust estimator combines these ...

We explore the finite sample properties of several semiparametric estimators of average treatment effects, including propensity score reweighting, matching, double robust, and control function estimators. When there is good overlap in the distribution of propensity scores for treatment and control units, reweighting estimators are preferred on bias grounds and attain the semiparametric efficien...