The facet joint contributes to the normal biomechanical function of the spine by transmitting loads and limiting motions via articular contact. However, little is known about the contact pressure response for this joint. Such information can provide a quantitative measure of the facet joint's local environment. The objective of this study was to measure facet pressure during physiologic bending...

In vitro multi-axial bending testing using pure moment loading conditions has become the standard in evaluating the effects of different types of surgical intervention on spinal kinematics. Simple, cable-driven experimental set-ups have been widely adopted because they require little infrastructure. Traditionally, "fixed ring" cable-driven experimental designs have been used; however, there hav...

BACKGROUND Pure moment testing is a common method used in cadaveric spine testing. The fundamental basis for the widespread acceptance of applying a pure moment is uniform loading along the column of the spine. To our knowledge, this protocol has not been experimentally verified on a multi-degree of freedom testing apparatus. Given its ubiquitous use in spine biomechanics laboratories, confirma...

Partially Encased Composite (PEC) column is one of the recent achievements in the field of composite columns. This paper presents a combined experimental and theoretical study on the mechanical performances of six octagonal PEC columns subjected to axial compressive and bending moment loading. The major different between them was the concrete reinforcement details. The parameters studied in the...

Bioresorbable plates have recently been used with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Compared with metallic plates, bioresorbable plates provide segmental stabilization with minimal imaging artifact, eventual resorption, and increased load sharing. The objectives of the present study were to determine whether a bioresorbable plate can withstand simulated physiologic static and cycl...

Failure of hollow trees in urban areas is a worldwide concern, and it can be caused by different mechanisms, i.e. bending stresses or flattening-related failures. Here we derive a new analytical expression for predicting the bending moment for tangential cracking, and compare the breaking moment of various failure modes, including Brazier buckling, tangential cracking, shear failure and convent...

S: A series of centrifuge model tests were performed to assess the tunneling-induced ground deformations and their detrimental effects on the neighboring single pile in the saturated sandy ground. The relative elevations between the pile tip and the buried depth of new driven tunnel dominated the distributions of bending moment and axial force along the depths. A load transfer mechanism is prop...

This is the first part of a two-part paper dedicated to a new plate theory for out-of-plane loaded thick plates where the static unknowns are those of the Kirchhoff-Love theory (3 in-plane stresses and 3 bending moments), to which six components are added representing the gradient of the bending moment. The new theory, called the Bending-Gradient plate theory is described in the present paper. ...

In this study, the simulation of simple bending problem is performed using an example of cantilever beam which is an important structural member. The author executed numerical simulations for simple and cracked cantilever beams using finite element stiffness method, analytical beam theory, finite element package (ANSYS) and then verified results with code generated in C++ language. In conclusio...