We argue that the pervasive practice of evaluating portfolio managers relative to a benchmark has real effects. Benchmarking generates additional, inelastic demand for assets inside benchmark. This leads “benchmark inclusion subsidy:” firm values an investment project more than one outside. The same wedge arises valuing M&A, spinoffs, and IPOs. overturns proposition investment’s value is indepe...

We propose a series of tests that check for the compliance RDF triplestores with GeoSPARQL standard. The purpose benchmark is to test how many requirements outlined in standard tested system supports and push forward achieving full compliance. This topic concern because support varies greatly between different triplestore implementations, such great importance domain geospatial data. Additional...