We have begun work on the effects of chemical and physical factors, including type of media, pH, media volume, and vessel on the in vitro survival, growth and substrate-attachment of a wild-type and mutant strain of Xylella fastidiosa (Xf). The volume of media in which Xf is incubated appears to override the importance of other variables, including any strain differences. Xf populations incubat...

We study quantum Hall systems (mainly the integer case) at finite temperatures and show that there is a novel temperature dependence even for a pure system, thanks to the ‘anomalous’ nature of generators of translation. The deviation of Hall conductivity from its zero temperature value is controlled by a parameter T0 = πρ/m N which is sample specific and hence the universality of quantization i...

Hysterectomy with or without oophorectomy continues to receive a bad press in lay magazines as well as professional journals when the facts belie such a judgement. Hardly an article fails to inform the public that the operation commonly results in depression, loss of libido, anxiety and marital problems when in most cases and virtually all studies the opposite is true. It is clearly understood ...

Trauma is the leading cause of death in the United States for individuals aged 1 to 45 years old, but its impact varies across the age spectrum. People age 65 are twice as likely to be hospitalized as a result of a traumatic injury than the general population. The mortality rate in elderly trauma victims has been estimated as 6 times greater than in their younger counterparts when controlling f...

A mplification of sensory input is a common theme for almost all sensory modalities. Once a sensory signal is received, be it a photon or a molecule of saccharin, the receptor cell will append an amplifying second-messenger cascade onto the initial transduction event. Amplification of sound by hair cells within the cochlea also follows this rule, but with an important caveat: the hair cells pro...

I t is puzzling that primitive organisms that lack any kind of nervous system show sophisticated behaviors that we assume require a nervous system with some sort of centralized brain or ganglion. Many examples noted in the past belie this assumption and show that organisms without nerves have remarkable behaviors. Perhaps the pioneer in revealing such behaviors was H. S. Jennings (1), who showe...

With Hubble Space Telescope Wide-Field Planetary Camera 2 observations of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant, we examine the interaction of an interstellar cloud with the blast wave on physical scales of 10 cm. The shock front is distorted, revealing both edge-on and face-on views of filaments and diffuse emission, similar to those observed on larger scales at lower resolution. We identify indiv...

As was his custom, Theodore Conrad was at the kitchen Seated front and center in the pew to Larson’s right was stove eagerly preparing his favorite sauce for rigatoni: Matsie Bart. As a member of city council, Matsie felt it her cream with basil and anchovies; cloves of roasted garlic, civic duty to ‘tend her flock, to keep the faith.’ As she sliced on the long axis; and melted gorgonzola. As h...

The diverse forms of nature, in particular and biological forms, have long been a preoccupation of the architect. As a special category of natural form, biological organisms exhibit extraordinary levels of design adaptability across multiple generations based upon the inherent ‘intelligence’ of the evolutionary mechanism. Evolutionary design theory in architecture seeks to harness this generati...

The term selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) implies a common mechanism of action for these agents; hence, the assumption by pharmacy managers and health care planners that they are all clinically equivalent. Extensive clinical case report data belie this assumption, however, as individuals may have differing responses to the different SSRIs, and the average profile of response in t...