Several studies have found gender differences in Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) performance in which males typically outperform females. However, the precise mechanism that underlies this effect remains unclear, and prior modeling efforts have been unable to pinpoint specific gender differences in behavioral aspects of the IGT. Our results replicated the behavioral gender difference finding and showe...

Converging behavioral evidence suggests that people respond to experiences of social exclusion with both defensive and affiliative strategies, allowing them to avoid further distress while also encouraging re-establishment of positive social connections. However, there are unresolved questions regarding the cognitive mechanisms underlying people's responses to social exclusion. Here, we sought ...

Research has found that contagion-minimizing behavioral tendencies are amplified in pathogen-prevalent regions. We investigated whether reactions to the "swine flu" outbreak of 2009 were stronger among East Asians than Westerners, populations residing in regions that now enjoy comparable advances in healthcare but that are characterized by relatively high and low historical pathogen prevalence,...

Based on the available literature, this review article investigates the issue of resilience in relation to trauma and posttraumatic stress disorder. Resilient coping to extreme stress and trauma is a multifaceted phenomena characterized as a complex repertoire of behavioral tendencies. An integrative Person x Situation model is developed based on the literature that specifies the nature of inte...

1. Define and discuss criminology terms introduced in Unit III. 2. Recall theories of crime causation and their attempts to indicate and explain criminality. 3. Recall and explain the relationship between crime and genetics. 4. Identify and discuss external and internal factors that can influence criminality. 5. Differentiate between male and female criminality and its causes. 6. Recall how psy...

This essay reviews theory and research regarding the “Michelangelo phenomenon,” which describes the manner in which close partners shape one another’s dispositions, values, and behavioral tendencies. Individuals are more likely to exhibit movement toward their ideal selves to the degree that their partners exhibit affirming perception and behavior, exhibiting confidence in the self ’s capacity ...

Laterality is a preference for employing one side of the body when engaging in a certain behaviors or mental processes. Evidence of laterality has been obtained in numerous species (for review see Rogers & Andrew 2002, Vallortigara & Rogers 2005), and it has been suggested that such side preferences may be related to various aspects of mental (e.g. van der Hoorn et al. 2010) and physical (e.g. ...