* Correspondence: [email protected] India has the highest buffalo population in the world. In terms of meat, milk, and draft work, the indigenous river buffalo is the major contributor and is considered the leading dairy animal in the country. Due to its ability to survive in harsh climatic conditions, in comparison with cattle the buffalo is considered as the animal of the future in Indi...

In Mackenzie River delta, emergent point bars are colonized by straight white spruce trees in association with alder and willow bushes. On older surfaces, colonized by mosses, the trees are characteristically leaning. In white spruce communities above the level of regular flooding, the trees are stunted and tilted. Tree lean and ground ice content were measured at 18 sites in the delta. There i...

Selective agglutination, as a means of estimating the number of donor's erythrocytes in the circulation of a recipient after transfusion, was used first by Ashby (1) in 1919. In the procedure, group0 blood was administered to a subject of group A (or B), and in blood specimens taken periodically thereafter, the number of surviving donor-cells was estimated by selectively agglutinating those of ...

in medieval islamic persia, mina was known as a general term for enameling on metal, glass and ceramic. consequently, in modern times mina’i is one of the most important types of islamic ceramic production and identified by stone paste body and multicolored polychrome over-glazes which represent figural, geometric and floral designs as well as calligraphic perform. additionally, mina’i wares ar...

Mean 96-hr LCs0 values and standard deviations for the oligochaetes S. heringianus and L. hoffmeisteri exposed to endrin-contaminated sediment were 2,588 _ 1,974 txg/g dry weight sediment for 4 assays and 2,725 + 955 Cg/g for 2 assays, respectively. Mixed species testing data suggested that the toxicity to L. hoffrneisteri was reduced in the presence of S. heringianus, yet further testing is re...

The tune course of liver phosphorylase activation after catecholamine administration and the relative abilities of several adrenergic blocking agents to block catecholamine-induced phosphorylase activation in liver and skeletal muscle was studied in intact anesthetized rats. Subcutaneously injected epinephrine and norepinephrine increased the liver phosphorylase activity, the peak effect occurr...

Two traditional species in the Daphnia pulex group (0. pulex and D. pulicmiu) are not completely reproductively isolated. The microhabitats they dominate are distinct but overlap geographically, and migration between the microhabitats is not uncommon. Their species identity is not fully supported by a recent molecular study. A laboratory experiment shows that Daphnia clones isolated from two po...

Introduction Oral controlled release (CR) dosage forms generally have a transit time of 1–3 hours in the stomach,3–5 hours in the intestine and 4–11 hours in the colon(1). However,some drugs require more retention time in the stomach for better results. Gastro-retentive drug delivery is superior for drugs such as (a) drugs having a narrow absorption window,(b) drugs having their local effect in...

The complete larval development of a terrestrial crab from West Africa, Cardisoma armatum Herklots, 1851, was studied in laboratory rearing experiments carried out at various salinities ranging from 0.2& to 45&. Six zoeal stages and one megalopa are described and illustrated. Our experimental results showed that zoeal stages of C. armatum are fairly euryhaline, zoea I to IV tolerating a salinit...

Vascular hydrophytes were shown to have the potential to be useful for straightforward, low-technology, bioassay of fresh water quality, specifically in relation to phosphate enrichment by effluent from sewage treatment works. Field-collected shoots of Elodea canadensis and Callitriche sp. made greater extension growth when incubated in canal water from downstream of discharges, indicating enri...