Fredkin’s Billiard Ball Model (BBM) is a continuous classical mechanical model of computation based on the elastic collisions of identical finite-diameter hard spheres. When the BBM is initialized appropriately, the sequence of states that appear at successive integer time-steps is equivalent to a discrete digital dynamics. Here we discuss some models of computation that are based on the elasti...

BACKGROUND The acute effect of parathyroid hormone (PTH) on phosphate transport has been reported to be mediated by rapid downregulation of sodium-phosphate transporter (NaPi-IIa) protein, but the association was observed with pharmacological doses of PTH. OBJECTIVE To explore the effects of physiological doses of PTH on NaPi-IIa protein and its relationship to phosphate transport. METHODS ...

Decreased serum sulfate concentrations are observed in hypothyroid patients. However, the mechanism involved in thyroid hormone-induced alterations of renal sulfate homeostasis is unknown. The objectives of this investigation were to determine the effect of 6-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU)-induced hypothyroidism in rats on 1) the in vivo serum concentrations, renal clearance, and renal reabsorption ...

The increased industrialization and overuse of natural resources for energy, such as fossil fuels, have led to the energy crises environmental issues that plague world in twenty-first century. production biodiesel from algae has recently gained attention a potentially useful alternative fuel is both environmentally friendly easy obtain. In this work, effects various pH levels on biomass oil Chl...

We consider a large family of branching-selection particle systems. The branching rate each depends on its rank and is given by function $b$ defined the unit interval. There also killing measure $D$ supported interval as well. At times, chosen among all particles to left one sampling according $D$. allowed have total mass less than one, which corresponds positive probability no killing. Between...

The influence of low dietary linoleic acid level (an essential fatty acid deficiency) on the intestine mucosal morphology and the purified brush border membrane (BBM) lipid composition was investigated in the rat. Electron micrographs and morphometric measurements showed that villi and crypt sizes as well as the ultrastructure of epithelial cells were altered. Cholesterol (CHOL) and phospholipi...