Cells of multi-cellular organisms evolve toward uni-cellularity in the form of cancer and, if humans intervene, continue to evolve in cell culture. During this process, gene dosage relationships may evolve in novel ways to cope with the new environment and may regress back to the ancestral uni-cellular state. In this context, the evolution of sex chromosomes vis-a-vis autosomes is of particular...

SUMMARY We describe a tool, called ACE-it (Array CGH Expression integration tool). ACE-it links the chromosomal position of the gene dosage measured by array CGH to the genes measured by the expression array. ACE-it uses this link to statistically test whether gene dosage affects RNA expression. AVAILABILITY ACE-it is freely available at http://ibivu.cs.vu.nl/programs/acewww/.

Dosage compensation balances gene expression levels between the sex chromosomes and autosomes and sex-chromosome-linked gene expression levels between the sexes. Different dosage compensation strategies evolved in different lineages, but all involve changes in chromatin. This paper discusses our current understanding of how modifications of the histone H4 tail, particularly changes in levels of...

Abstract Genetic polymorphisms of the human genome provide information about disease susceptibility and autoimmunity. variations involving innate immune system have potential to improve effectiveness diagnosis treatment urinary tract infections in children adults. DNA copy number (CNVs) DEFA1A3, which encodes for antimicrobial peptides α-defensin 1–3, been associated with recurrent UTI risk ves...

The A2 allele of the CYP17 gene has been thought to be associated with increased functional activity of this steroidogenic enzyme. Consequently, the A2 allele has been examined as a biomarker of individual susceptibility to hormone-related diseases among men and women. We prospectively assessed the association between the A2 allele of CYP17 and prostate cancer risk among 590 cases and 782 contr...