Metals and metal compounds have been used for many years in the manufacture of plastic products. The metallic compounds added to plastics although encapsulated in polymer matrix are usually not chemically bound to polymer molecules and consequently can gradually be released to environment over the service life of a plastic made object. Similarly, when disposing of plastic waste either by incine...

Up to date, model and parameter uncertainties are generally overlooked by majority of researchers in the field of battery study. As a consequence, accuracy of the SOC estimation is dominated by the model fidelity and may vary from cell-tocell. This paper proposes a systematic framework with associated methodologies to quantify the battery model and parameter uncertainties for more effective bat...

The proposed technique a) provides both charge and discharge equalization and supports battery operation even with damaged cells b) ensures a uniform battery cell voltage fall, thus protecting cells from reverse polarization, and c) maximizes the energy delivered by the battery. The operation has been verified both by simulation and by experimental results.

Redox flow batteries (RFBs) are emerging as viable options for grid-scale energy storage, but their elevated costs hamper commercialization. Enhancing the porous carbon electrode performance to improve power density and reduce system is an effective strategy toward widespread deployment; however, must satisfy multiple contradictory roles, including providing high surface area, low pressure drop...

a total number of 67 workers of teheran battery workshops were investigated for probable lead absorption due to the working with lead storage batteries. twenty workers with other occupations were selected as control group. blood and urine analysis were carried out for both groups. lead content of the urine in about 95.5% of the subjects was below 10 μg/100 ml. two subjects showed higher concent...

The paper proposes an energy management strategy (EMS) for hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) taking into account battery health through an additional soft constraint on battery internal temperature, considered as one of the prime factors influencing battery aging. Battery cell temperature is modeled and considered as a second state constraint with the st...