In addition to evidence supporting serotonergic modulation of respiratory rhythmogenesis, serotonergic mechanisms play a role in central respiratory chemoreception. We examined the role of serotonin 5HT1A receptors in respiratory rhythmicity and central respiratory chemosensitivity in in vitro brainstem preparations of the bullfrog tadpole, Rana catesbeiana. Spontaneous respiratory motor output...

Party membership seems to lose relevance for political careers in many established democracies. Increasing numbers of parties are recruiting non-members as candidates. Yet, what the implications a lack long-term party cohesion? In this paper, I argue that pre-parliamentary is fact crucial cohesion. Using data from Comparative Candidate Survey and voting behavior ca. 2,000 MPs German Bundestag o...

Low viscosity (<100 cSt) silicon oil droplets are placed on a high viscosity (1000 cSt) oil bath that vibrates vertically. The viscosity difference ensures that the droplet is more deformed than the bath interface. Droplets bounce periodically on the bath when the acceleration of its sinusoidal motion is larger than a threshold value. The threshold is minimum for a particular frequency of excit...

We developed an experimental model to study the permeability of individual retinal vessels in vitro using microperfusion techniques adapted from kidney tubule studies. The retinal vessels were isolated by freehand dissection and mounted on a microperfusion apparatus. When inulin was perfused luminally, it was diluted to 80.2 +/- 2.3% of its initial concentration. However, no radioactive leak in...