New developments in pressure- and thermally driven membrane desalination technologies offer the potential to cost-effectively treat high-salinity waters, especially when powered by low-cost solar electricity thermal energy. This paper presents a comparative techno-economic assessment of state-of-the-art most promising for high recovery desalination, namely, osmotically-assisted reverse osmosis ...

As a novel study, esterification of acetic acid with methanol has been studied in simple batch reactive distillation apparatus to produce methyl acetate as main product and water byproduct. Novel solid catalyst named Indion 180 used this process. The can be distilled out two ways namely sequential simultaneous distillation. In the process, first reaction is carried till equilibrium total reflux...

Abstract The thermogravimetric analysis when applied to liquid binary mixtures of acetonitrile–water and methanol–water reproduces the whole course a batch distillation with an appreciable saving time materials. experimental mass energy balances correlate good approximation vapor–liquid equilibrium compositions without need gas-phase measures or thermodynamic models. This technique was here for...

The production of biodiesel through batch and existing continuous-flow processes requires the use of a much higher excess alcohol, typically 100%, than the stoichiometric molar requirement in order to drive the transesterification reaction to completion. This excess alcohol must be recovered in a separate process, which involves additional capital and operating costs. In this study, a novel rea...

Biodiesel is a fuel made from vegetable oils, animal fats and microbial oil (algae, bacteria and fungi). The raw materials are converted to biodiesel through a chemical reaction involving alcohol and catalyst. The purpose of the present work is to present an efficient process using reactive distillation columns applied to biodiesel production. Reactive distillation is the simultaneous implement...