This note argues that Japan’s former product liability system deprived consumers of adequate protection against product defects. This note also argues that Japan’s changing economic and political conditions necessitated the introduction of strict liability. Part I examines the development of the Japanese legal system, traces the history of product liability in Japan, and discusses the structura...

Strict liability imposed on firms involved in an imperfect competition game (here duopoly) is not obstacle to achieving a socially optimal care level of care. However, when one input becomes scarce limited generic asset), the precedent result compromised. Duopolistic leads supply more goods at lower price equilibrium, but also compared monopoly placed similar conditions. When damage are too hig...

the problem of protecting the people injured by engine-driven means of transportation has been taken into consideration from 19th century and public rules and principles for protecting the people injured by enginedrivenmeans of transportation in different countries is not recognized as sufficient; because most of the legal systems arebased on fault and it is a difficult job to prove that fault....

according to the famous theory in iranian jurisprudence, civil liability of the vehicle keepers against third party is on the res ipsa loquitor, duty of care, or risk, or a combination of them. regarding to these foundations, if a vehicle keeper has not a policy of insurance covering third party damage, he or she must compensate the damage although has not caused the accident. this was inferenc...

the present article tries to prove that there is a reverse relation between the role of state in political society and its liability. in other words, the greater state’s interference with the political society, the less will be its responsibility and hence its liability. on contrary, making limitation to the state’s role in political society will increase its responsibility and thus its liabili...

I show below that, contrary to what is widely accepted, in situations of unilateral care a rule of strict liability is not optimal. The difference between my results and previous ones follows from my consideration of the victim’s rational behavior. JEL number: K13 (Tort Law and Product Liability). * I would like to thank Dan Orr and Tom Ulen for helpful comments on earlier drafts. Of course, re...

Escalating wildfires on forestlands in recent years have resulted in statutory changes in redefining the liability for landowners in using prescribed fires. This study summarized these reforms in recent years. While in some states there is still strict tort liability for damages from prescribed fires, eighteen states have reduced the liability burdens on landowners with simple negligence rules,...