PURPOSE To experimentally test whether chronic sleep restriction, which is common among adolescents, is causally related to poor learning, inattentive behaviors, and diminished arousal in a classroom-like situation. METHODS Sixteen healthy adolescents underwent a sleep manipulation that included, in counterbalanced order, five consecutive nights of sleep deprivation (6½ hours in bed) versus f...

this report is on a migration of a steinman pin into the posterior com department of the calf. it was used to fix a greater trochanteric osteotomy in a total hip arthroplasty. the puzzling note is how this metal piece passed through the anterolateral compartment of the thigh to the posterior compartment of the calf. accord ing to our literature review, migration of fixation pins through the kne...

Cortisol awakening response (CAR) has been studied in children with ADHD, and some authors have reported morning cortisol differences among ADHD subtypes. Despite, only half of the children with ADHD continue to exhibit the disorder into adulthood, CAR has not been studied in adults so far. One hundred and nine adults with ADHD according to the DSM-IV criteria (46 inattentive and 63 combined) r...

Hypoparathyroidism, deafness and renal dysplasia (HDR; OMIM 146255) syndrome is a rare disease which is first defined by Barakat in 1977 (1). It is characterized by hypoparathyroidism, sensorineural deafness and renal dysplasia, inherited dominantly and found to be related with GATA3 gene mutations. This gene is located on 10 p 15 and is essential in embryonic development of the parathyroid gla...

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In this paper we discuss how different levels of reasoning can occur in legal cases. We build upon our recent work in which we have reconstructed the reasoning of the majority and dissenting opinions for a particular case through the use of Belief-DesireIntention (BDI) agents to replicate the contrasting views involved in the actual decision. This reconstruction has shown how the reasoning invo...