We describe a nilpotent quotient algorithm for a certain type of infinite presentations: the so-called finite L-presentations. We then exhibit finite L-presentations for various interesting groups and report on the application of our nilpotent quotient algorithm to them. As result, we obtain conjectural descriptions of the lower central series structure of various interesting groups including t...

Can cities be smart? In this article we define what a smart city is and formulate categories and indicators of smart and/or informational cities. Based on these measures, we investigate four Japanese cities as case studies that appear to be highly developed modern metropolises. We focus on infrastructures essential for an informational city as base for a ubiquitous, smart (in a narrow sense), c...

Objectives 1. To consider the challenges of recruiting and retaining medical patients in trials of complex interventions, that include ‘psychological’ components. 2. To discuss practical solutions to these challenges that ensure trials recruit to target and maximise outcome data collection. Examples are taken from three trials of complex interventions: SMaRT Oncology-2, SMaRT Oncology-3 and SMa...

This paper is a study on the concept of religiosity and national identity among the 598 young people in Baneh and Qurveh (Western cities in Iran) by a questionnaire. This survey method shows that the rate of religiosity based on Klark and Stark scale and a nation identity have significant relationship with different aspect. The independent variables of the research totally explain 41 percent of...

Quercus persica and Pistacia mutica are two known and prevalent forest trees of Baneh and Marivan from Kurdistan province (W Iran). Thirty-five fungal isolates were obtained from 50 bark samples of Q. persica collected in Sept. and Mar. 2010–11. The aim of this study was to identify fungi associated with oak trees of Kurdistan province. Based on morphological features and authentic keys (Ellis ...

iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional disorders in the world. it is estimated as many as 4-5 billion people , 66-68% of the world population may be iron deficient and also two billion people, over 30% , anemic, mainly due to iron deficiency. thus, the aim of this study was educational intervention on knowledge, attitude and practice on baneh girl students about iron deficiency a...

3D city building models can improve many applications such as urban planning, navigation, disaster management, traffic control etc., in various aspects especially in visualisation. However, compared with the data volume and complexity of 3D city models, the capability of devices and network band are still limited. To improve the visualisation efficiency, generalisation of 3D city models is requ...

Hidden-city ticket is an interesting airline ticket pricing phenomenon. It occurs when an itinerary connecting at an intermediate city is less expensive than a ticket from the origin to the intermediate city. In such a case, passengers traveling to the intermediate city have an incentive to pretend to be traveling to the final destination, deplane at the connection point and forgo the unused po...

Intelligent environments and cities have become a popular topic in recent literature. The island nation of Singapore has often been mentioned as an example of an intelligent city for its visionary IT2000 project where Information Technology permeates every aspect of the society; at home, work and play (1). The European project IntelCities was aimed at providing citizens more services and increa...

The so-called smart factory is a novel paradigm that is rapidly gaining ground in scenarios for factories of the future. Many manufacturing companies try to raise the level of smartness by considering a number of aspects related to the smart factory. However, there is a lack of field-oriented systematic research to help them fit the interest of industry for promoting interest and diffusion of s...